自动驾驶汽车侵权责任主体的认定研究

Research on the Identification of the Subject of Infringement Liability of Autonomous Driving Vehicles

摘要: 科学技术的快速发展使得自动驾驶汽车出现在大众的视野中，其特有的自主性也为人们的出行带来了便利。但是，由于自动驾驶汽车系统的复杂性和新颖性，且其依赖于先进的传感器和硬件，一旦出现故障，可能会发生交通事故，对行人和非机动车造成一定的损害。自动驾驶汽车所具有的自主性，在责任的认定上对传统侵权责任的认定方式产生了冲击，往往会发生难以确定侵权主体，在此情形下，运用动态系统论将原因力、过错和危险性作为侵权责任的基础评价要素，对各构成要件所产生的作用进行评价，针对不同要件产生的不同程度的影响进行综合的考量，以此来分析自动驾驶侵权的责任主体。

Abstract: The rapid development of science and technology makes the self-driving car appear in the public’s vision, and its unique autonomy also brings convenience to people’s travel. However, due to the complexity and novelty of the autonomous vehicle system, and its reliance on advanced sensors and hardware, once failure, traffic accidents may occur, causing certain damage to pedestrians and non-motor vehicles. Autonomous vehicles have a certain degree of autonomy, which has an impact on the identification of traditional tort liability, and it is often difficult to determine the infringing subject. In this case, the dynamic system theory is applied to take causative force, fault and risk as the basic evaluation elements of tort liability, evaluate the role of each component element, and comprehensively consider the influence of different elements to different degrees, so as to analyze the subject of liability for automatic driving infringement.