基于Landsat数据的昆明市城市空间变化遥感监测及驱动力分析

Analysis of Remote Sensing Monitoring and Driving Forces for Urban Spatial Change in Kunming Based on Landsat Data

摘要: 选取2006~2019年Landsat影像，以昆明市为例，基于热红外遥感波段特征，对昆明市主城区进行地表温度反演，根据各地物反演温度差异选择合适阈值，并结合计算机目视解译方法准确提取出建设用地，在此基础上选取几何中心、扩展速度、扩展强度、城区扩展动态度和面积扩展度五个指标实现对城市空间变化的监测与分析。结果表明：1) 2006~2019年，流域内土地类型变化明显，城市扩展明显，城市的建设用地面积持续增加；2) 研究区在原来的基础上整体由内向外扩张，整体呈现出“东南–东北”的变化趋势，与现实情况相符；3) 城市的空间形态已经从滇池流域内的纯粹集群式开发模式转变为同时在流域外进行开发的“轴向多集群”开发模式，城市空间扩展已到东北的空港新区和东南的呈贡新区。4) 尽管新区的建设已逐步形成建设规模，但尚未形成集约发展。

Abstract: Taking Kunming City as an example, Landsat images from 2006 to 2019 were selected for analysis. The surface temperature inversion of the main urban area of Kunming City was conducted based on the characteristics of the thermal infrared remote sensing band. An appropriate threshold was chosen according to the temperature difference of the objects, and construction land was accurately extracted using a combination of computer visual interpretation methods. Building upon this, five indicators including geometric center, expansion speed, expansion intensity, urban expansion dynamic degree, and area expansion degree were selected for monitoring and analyzing urban spatial changes. The results demonstrate that: 1) Between 2006 and 2019, there has been a noticeable change in land use and urban expansion within the basin, with a continuous increase in urban construction land area; 2) The overall expansion has occurred from inside to the outside of the original research area, with a consistent trend of “southeast to the northeast”, reflecting real-world developments; 3) The spatial configuration of the city has shifted from a purely clustered development mode in the Dianchi Basin to an “axial multi-cluster” development mode that extends beyond the basin, leading to urban expansion into the Northeast Airport new area and Southeast Chenggong new area; 4) While new district construction has gradually reached scale, intensive development is yet to be achieved.