群体优劣势在向上比较中对自我评价及瑞文推理的影响

The Influence of Group Strengths and Weaknesses on Self-Evaluation and Raven’s Reasoning in Upward Comparison

摘要: 在复杂的社会比较过程中，个体不仅会受到不同比较方向的影响，而且会受到群体表现的影响。本实验利用虚拟现实技术构建虚拟空间，在佩戴头盔后，被试与黄种和黑种虚拟人物将共同完成一系列测试并被告知成绩。在三人中，被试的成绩总是最低的，而黄种虚拟人物的分数则可能高于或者低于黑种虚拟人物。体验结束采用内隐自尊联想测验测量被试对自我的评价，按照属性词的不同，分别进行了情感性和评价性内隐自尊联想测验，结果分别对应自我情感和认知两个维度。并且使用瑞文推理测验记录其流体智力的表现。结果显示，无论在自我情感或认知维度，被试都将积极词汇与自己联结得更为紧密。而且被试内群体的优劣势对其评价性自我概念影响显著，当个体得分较差时，若内群体得分较高，则能够在一定程度上提升对自我的评价，但对情感性自我概念影响不显著，且对流体智力任务表现无明显影响。

Abstract: In the complex social comparison process, individuals will not only be affected by different comparison directions, but also by group performance. This experiment uses virtual reality technology to construct a virtual space. After wearing a helmet, the subjects and the yellow and black virtual characters will complete a series of tests and be informed of the results. Among the three, the subjects’ scores are always the lowest, while the scores of the yellow avatars may be higher or lower than the black avatars. At the end of the experience, the implicit self-esteem association test was used to measure the participants’ self-evaluation. According to the different attribute words, the emotional and evaluative implicit self-esteem association tests were carried out, and the results corresponded to the two dimensions of self-emotion and cognition, and use the Raven reasoning test to record his fluid intelligence performance. The results showed that, no matter in the self-emotion or cognitive dimension, the subjects connected positive vocabulary more closely with themselves. Moreover, the strengths and weaknesses of the group within the subjects have a significant impact on their evaluative self-concept. When the individual scores are poor, if the inner group scores higher, it can improve the self-evaluation to a certain extent, but it has an impact on the emotional self-concept. It is not significant, and has no obvious effect on the performance of fluid intelligence tasks.