基于超效率DEA-Malmquist和Tobit模型的长三角机场群运行效率分析

Analysis of Operational Efficiency of Airport Clusters in the Yangtze River Delta Region Based on Super Efficient DEA Malmquist and Tobit Models

摘要: 结合超效率DEA模型和Malmquist指数，从静态效率和动态效率两个角度，对2015~2022年长三角机场群内各机场的运行效率进行分析，并使用Tobit模型研究影响机场运行效率的因素，实证结果表明：1) 2015~2018间每年只有5个机场达到DEA有效，而2019~2022年，每年有8到9个机场达到DEA有效，说明长三角机场群运行效率整体有显著提高。2) 基于Malmquist指数模型从各机场动态发展和各时段动态发展分析，技术水平的提高对全要素增长率起主要作用，说明技术进步依然是提高机场效率的主要方法，而新冠疫情的影响使得长三角机场群运行效率出现阶段性降低。3) 航空公司运营个数会对Malmquist指数产生显著的正向影响关系，而通航点个数则会对Malmquist指数产生显著的负向影响关系，但机场所在城市人均GDP和机场所在城市客运量并不会对Malmquist指数产生影响关系。

Abstract: Combining the super efficiency DEA model and Malmquist index, this paper analyzes the operational efficiency of various airports within the Yangtze River Delta airport cluster from the perspectives of static efficiency and dynamic efficiency from 2015 to 2022. The Tobit model is used to study the factors affecting airport operational efficiency. The empirical results show that: 1) Between 2015 and 2018, only 5 airports achieved DEA effectiveness each year, while from 2019 to 2022, 8 to 9 airports achieved DEA effectiveness each year, indicating a significant improvement in the overall operational efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta airport cluster. 2) Based on the Malmquist index model, from the analysis of the dynamic development of each airport and each period of time, the improvement of technical level plays a major role in the total factor growth rate, indicating that technical progress is still the main method to improve airport efficiency, while the impact of the COVID-19 has led to a phased reduction in the operational efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta airport group. 3) The number of airline operations will have a significant positive impact on the Malmquist index, while the number of navigation points will have a significant negative impact on the Malmquist index. However, the per capita GDP of the city where the airport is located and the passenger volume of the city where the airport is located will not have an impact on the Malmquist index.