注意偏向对风险决策影响的对比研究

A Comparative Study of the Influence of Attention Bias on Risk Decision Making

摘要: 目的：本研究采用实验法，探究不同注意偏向(自由注意、正性、负性)水平下，被试进行模拟赌博任务时的决策反应。探究不同的注意偏向是否会导致个体的风险决策偏好存在差异。方法：对风险决策选择率，做注意偏向(被试内三水平)和风险高低(三个水平)卡方检验，两样本的理论分布差异显著；对风险决策选择反应时，根据注意偏向(被试内三水平)做单因素重复测量方差分析，注意偏向组内效应显著。结果：注意偏向影响决策任务反应时间。在不同注意条件下，决策行为反应时差异显著。当在注意偏向条件产生时，被试进行决策行为更为迅速。注意偏向会影响个体决策行为：被试在正性注意偏向情况下倾向于风险寻求，但在不同风险系数的冒险行为里更倾向于低风险的风险寻求；而在负性注意偏向情况中，被试会表现出较为极端的风险偏好，趋于风险规避或高风险的风险寻求。

Abstract: Objective: This study adopts an experimental method to explore the decision-making responses of subjects when simulating gambling tasks under different attention bias (free attention, positive, negative). To explore whether different attention biases lead to differences in individual risk decision preferences. Methods: For the risk decision-making rate, the Chi-square test of attention bias (three levels within the subjects) and risk level (three levels) is performed, and the theoretical distribution of the two samples is significantly different; for the risk decision-making response, the single factor repeated measurement variance analysis is performed according to the attention bias (three levels within the subjects), and the intra-group effect of attention bias is significant. Results: Attention bias affects the response time of decision tasks. Under different attention conditions, there are significant differences in the response time of decision-making behavior. When the attention bias condition occurs, the subjects make decisions more quickly. Attention bias affects individual decision-making behavior: the subjects tend to seek risks in the case of positive attention bias, but in the risk-taking behavior of different risk coefficients, they are more inclined to seek low-risk risks; in the case of negative attention bias, the subjects will show more extreme risk preferences, tending to risk avoidance or high-risk risk seeking.