“大数据杀熟”的法律性质与规制路径——从侵权责任法角度考察

The Legal Nature and Regulatory Outlet of “Big Data Swindle Acquaintances”—Review from the Perspective of Tort Liability

摘要: 现有研究大多从经济法视域对“大数据杀熟”进行法律定性并提出规制建议，存在视角单一、论证不力、论据过时等缺陷，对此，可从个人信息保护法中寻找破解之策。从解释论上讲，知情同意规则框架下的“告知”和“同意”只有具备形式与实质双重要素，才能被赋予规范效力。实践中，“大数据杀熟”将知情同意规则异化为企业的单方立法，侵害了消费者的知情权和同意权，并满足造成损害事实、存在主观过错与因果关系等构成要件，应被认定为一般侵权。为了在个人信息侵权案件里更好保护自然人合法权益，应在立法层面上采取无过错责任原则，在司法层面上降低自然人就加害行为的证明责任。

Abstract: Most of the existing literatures determine the legal nature of “big data swindle acquaintances” from the perspective of economic law, and put forward some regulating suggestions, but there are some defects such as single perspective, ineffective argument, outdated argument, etc. Regarding this, we may seek the solution from the personal information protection law. In terms of interpretation, “notification” and “consent” within the framework of the informed consent rule can be given normative effect only if they have both the formal and the substantive elements. In practice, “big data swindle acquaintances” alienates the rule as a unilateral legislation of a company, infringing upon the natural person’s right to know and consent with respect to personal information, and satisfying the constitutive elements such as the fact of damage, subjective fault and causality, should be recognized as general infringement. In order to better protect the legitimate rights and interests of natural persons in cases of infringement upon personal information, the principle of no-fault liability shall be adopted at the legislative level, and the natural person’s burden of proof for the injurious act shall be reduced at the judicial level.