我国中老年人健康生活方式与跌倒的关联

The Association between Healthy Lifestyle and Fall among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese

摘要: 前言：随着我国人口老龄化加剧，跌倒问题日益凸显。本研究旨在探究多种健康生活方式的综合效应对中老年人跌倒的影响。方法：本研究基于中国健康与养老纵向研究进行，最终纳入了10,947名中老年人作为研究对象。健康生活方式因素包括现在不吸烟、不过度饮酒、正常腰围和健康睡眠。跌倒根据患者自我报告定义。使用logistic回归模型评估健康生活方式与跌倒发生率的关联。结果：在随访中，共有2637 (24.09%)名中老年人发生了跌倒，女性(20.61%)跌倒的发生率高于男性(27.32%)。健康生活方式得分为0~1分、2分和3~4分中老年人跌倒的发生率分别为25.32%、24.67%和23.56%。logistic回归分析显示，健康生活方式得分为2分(OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72~0.98, P = 0.038)和3~4分(OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.63~0.86, P < 0.001)与较低的跌倒风险相关，趋势性P值<0.001。在男性中得到了同样的关联，健康生活方式得分为2分和3~4分的老年人发生跌倒的风险更低。结论：保持健康的生活方式可以有效降低我国中老年人发生跌倒的风险，因此加强对中老年人生活方式的促进与引导至关重要。

Abstract: Backgound: With the aging of our population, the problem of fall is becoming more and more prominent. This study aimed to investigate the association between healthy lifestyle and fall among middle-aged and older. Methods: This study was conducted based on the China health and retirement longitudinal study, which ultimately included 10,947 middle-aged and older adults as study subjects. Healthy lifestyle factors included current non-smoking, non-excessive alcohol consumption, normal waist circumference and healthy sleep. Fall was defined based on patient self-report. Logistic regression modeling was used to assess the association between a healthy lifestyle and the incidence of fall. Results: A total of 2637 (24.09%) middle-aged and older adults experienced fall during follow-up, with a higher incidence of fall in women (20.61%) than in men (27.32%). The prevalence of fall among middle-aged and elderly people with a healthy lifestyle score of 0~1, 2, and 3~4 was 25.32%, 24.67%, and 23.56%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that a healthy lifestyle score of 2 (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72~0.98, P = 0.038) and 3~4 (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.63~0.86, P < 0.001) were associated with a lower risk of fall, with P for trend values <0.001. The same association was obtained in men, with older adults with healthy lifestyle scores of 2 and 3 to 4 having a lower risk of fall. Conclusion: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can effectively reduce the risk of fall among middle-aged and older adults in China, so it is crucial to strengthen the promotion and guidance of lifestyle among middle-aged and older adults.