平台用工劳动关系二分法的替代与进路

Alternatives and Approaches to the Dichotomy of Employment and Labor Relations on the Platform

摘要: 平台用工劳动关系难以界定，实践中法院判决也不尽相同。平台用工关系究竟属于承揽合同关系还是劳动关系未有定数。承揽合同不论其自身特性还是经历时代发展，都不能完全概括平台用工。判断劳动关系是否存在的从属性标准亦有过时之处。很多学者认为在平台经济下从属性程度变弱，因而不能认定为劳动关系。基于对平台劳务提供者一方的保护，按照普通合同处理也似有不妥。故有了类劳动者的制度构想，但类劳动者是定海针还是银样镴枪头，结合实际来看其不具有现实可行性或者可以落地但收益未知。回归平台用工，在算法系统的裹挟下，劳工没有逃离剥削的现实。面对从属性标准的脱节，以解释论为优，立法论为次，扩充新的指标，为从属性理论注入时代的解释，是最为稳健的选择。

Abstract: The legal relationship of platform employment is difficult to define, and court judgments vary in practice. It is uncertain whether the employment relationship on the platform belongs to a contractual relationship or a labor relationship. Regardless of its inherent characteristics or historical development, the contract cannot fully summarize platform employment. There are also outdated criteria for determining the existence of labor relations. Many scholars believe that under the platform economy, the degree of dependency weakens, and therefore cannot be recognized as labor relations. Based on the protection of the platform's labor service provider, it seems inappropriate to handle it according to ordinary contracts. Therefore, there is a system concept for quasi laborers, but whether they are Dinghai needles or silver like pewter spearheads is not feasible or can be implemented in reality, but the benefits are unknown. Returning to the platform for employment, under the coercion of the algorithm system, labor did not escape the reality of exploitation. Faced with the disconnection of the standard of dependent attributes, the most robust choice is to prioritize interpretive theory, prioritize legislative theory, expand new indicators, and inject contemporary interpretations into the theory of dependent attributes.