神经反馈技术应用于自闭症谱系障碍干预的Meta分析

A Meta Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Neurofeedback to Treat Autism Spectrum Disorder

摘要: 自闭症谱系障碍是一种在儿童和青少年间常见的神经发育障碍，对于自闭症的诱发因素的研究已有几十年的历史，并且也出现了多种治疗和干预手段。这些方法大多是采用传统的行为干预或使用药物治疗等，存在着各自的优劣。随着脑成像技术的发展，研究者们可以进一步对人们的脑神经活动进行深入了解，并且以此为基础，发展出一种全新的干预技术——神经反馈训练。神经反馈技术可以直接收集个体的脑神经活动状态并以视觉和听觉的形式产生反馈，使个体可以直接对自己的脑活动产生调节。由于其非侵入型、无创性的优点，神经反馈技术越来越多被运用于心理疾病的治疗以及精神健康问题的改善中。尽管这种技术的出现和发展已有二十多年的历史，但是将其应用于ASD的干预和治疗中的实践仍是较少的，本文首先对ASD的传统和常用的干预手段简要说明，然后采用系统性文献综述和元分析方法(PRISMA)，对Web of Science、PubMed、谷歌学术、中国知网、百度学术等数据库以“神经反馈”和“自闭症”等为关键词进行汇总和总结。对先前研究者们将这一技术应用于ASD的干预和治疗中的文章进行综述，总结这种技术在ASD的干预中的程序设计、训练方法等，本综述的主要结果显示，神经反馈技术在自闭症谱系障碍的干预和治疗中有显著效果，并且出现这种改善效果所需的时间周期较短，因此，这种无创性的技术可以在自闭症谱系障碍的治疗中得到更多的应用。此外，本研究对自闭症谱系障碍的脑功能连接也进行了一定程度的说明，因此提出未来研究可以通过对自闭症患者的脑功能连接以及神经网络为切入点，寻找进一步改善和优化这种技术的可能性。

Abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. Research into the factors that contribute to the development of ASD has been ongoing for several decades, and various therapeutic and intervention approaches have been developed.These methods primarily involve traditional behavior interventions or medication, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. With the advancement of neuroimaging technologies, researchers are afforded a deeper understanding of individuals’ neural activities. Leveraging this understanding, a novel intervention technique, termed neurofeedback training, has been developed. Neurofeedback technology enables the direct collection of an individual’s brain neural activity and provides feedback in visual and auditory formats, facilitating direct regulation of one’s own brain activity. Due to its non-invasive and non-destructive advantages, neurofeedback technology is increasingly applied in the treatment of psychological disorders and the amelioration of mental health issues. Despite over two decades of its emergence and development, its application in the intervention and treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) remains relatively limited. This paper initially provides a concise overview of traditional and commonly used intervention methods for ASD. Subsequently, employing a systematic literature review and meta-analysis approach (PRISMA), databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Baidu Scholar were summarized and synthesized using keywords such as “neurofeedback” and “autism”. A review of prior studies applying this technology to ASD intervention and treatment is presented, summarizing the program design, training methods, and other aspects of this technology in ASD intervention. The main findings of this review indicate that neurofeedback technology yields significant effects in the intervention and treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder and the required time period for observed improvements is relatively short. Hence, this non-invasive technology holds promise for broader applications in the treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Additionally, this study provides some insights into the brain functional connectivity of Autism Spectrum Disorder, suggesting avenues for future research to explore possibilities for further improvement and optimization of this technology through examination of the brain functional connectivity and neural networks of autistic patients.