定日镜场的光热转化与配置优化研究

Research on Photothermal Conversion and Configuration Optimization of Heliostat Mirror Field

摘要: 定日镜是一种捕捉和聚焦太阳光的光学组件，优化其配置和排列方式有助于最大限度地吸收太阳能并将其转化为热量。本文基于定日镜的光学性质，建立局部镜面坐标系和整体坐标系之间的坐标变换，根据中心极限定理，以反射光线整体误差为标准差，将集热器的截断效率和高斯分布相关联，对镜场输出热功率进行测算，初步建立了光热转化模型。在此基础上，本文根据整体效益最大化原则和光照均匀性理论，设立圆形径向交错的排列规则，以避免定日镜之间的光线遮挡，利用遗传算法对定日镜场的配置进行优化设计，将吸收塔约束于南偏西的光学效率较低处，实现能源效率的最大化，得到定日镜场年平均光学效率的优化率为16.65%，单位镜面面积的年平均输出热功率的优化率为12.18%，模型科学且有效。

Abstract: A heliostat is an optical component that captures and focuses the sun’s rays, and optimizing its configuration and arrangement helps maximize the absorption of solar energy and convert it into heat. Based on the optical properties of the heliostat, the coordinate transformation between the local mirror coordinate system and the global coordinate system is established, and according to the central limit theorem, the overall error of the reflected light is taken as the standard deviation, the truncation efficiency of the collector is correlated with the Gaussian distribution, and the output heat power of the mirror field is calculated, and the photothermal conversion model is preliminarily established. On this basis, according to the principle of maximizing the overall benefit and the theory of illumination uniformity, this paper establishes a circular radial staggered arrangement rule to avoid the light occlusion between heliostats, uses genetic algorithm to optimize the configuration of the heliostat field, and restricts the absorption tower to the low optical efficiency of the south-west to maximize the energy efficiency, and obtains that the optimization rate of the annual average optical efficiency of the heliostat field is 16.65%, and the optimization rate of the annual average output thermal power per unit mirror area is 12.18%, and the model is scientific and effective.