基于计量统计的汉语作为第二语言国内外ERP研究综论

An Overview of ERP Research on Chinese as a Second Language at Home and Abroad Based on Econometric Statistics

摘要: 近年来，ERP脑电技术被广泛应用于语言研究，国内外第二语言研究领域充分利用此技术，将语言学与认知心理学、精神电生理学相结合，探索人类大脑语言生成的机制，取得了丰硕的成果。笔者以知网和Web of Science为域，全面梳理、分析近年国内外ERP应用于汉语作为第二语言研究的相关文献。研究发现：1) 研究文献总量偏少，发文量在2021年达到顶峰，后呈下降趋势；2) 研究分域包括语音、词汇、句法、语义、汉字5个方面，总体考察词汇研究最多，句法、语义次之，汉字最少，国内外研究表现为重点分域不一致；3) 研究被试以英语母语汉语学习者为主，大学生和高水平汉语学习者受到更多关注；4) 研究范式呈多样性，其中国内以启动范式为主，国外以oddball范式为主，此外违例范式和视觉搜索范式使用频率也相对较高；5) 脑电成分N400在目前已有研究中最受关注，其他成分受主题影响各有侧重。6) 现有研究不足主要表现为：分域研究广度不够，且内部分散，不成体系；研究对象覆盖不足，被试类型集中及理论研究薄弱，研究方法较为单一。针对不足，提出扩大研究范围，完善研究体系；精选实验被试，扩展研究对象和扩充研究样本，创新研究方法等建议，以期对未来ERP应用于汉语作为第二语言研究领域的发展有所帮助。

Abstract: In recent years, ERP EEG technology has been widely used in language research. The field of second language research at home and abroad has made full use of this technology, combining linguistics with cognitive psychology and psychophysiology to explore the mechanism of language generation in the human brain, and has achieved fruitful results. Based on the knowledge network and Web of Science, this paper comprehensively combs and analyzes the relevant literature on the application of ERP to Chinese as a second language research at home and abroad in recent years. The findings are as follows: 1) The total number of research papers is relatively small, and the number of published papers will peak in 2021 and then show a downward trend; 2) The research domains are divided into 5 aspects: phonetics, vocabulary, syntax, semantics and Chinese characters. The overall research on vocabulary is the most studied, followed by syntax and semantics, and Chinese characters are the least studied. 3) The study subjects were mainly native English learners, and college students and high-level Chinese learners received more attention; 4) Research paradigms are diverse, including priming paradigm in China and oddball paradigm in foreign countries. In addition, the frequency of use of violation paradigm and visual search paradigm is relatively high; 5) EEG component N400 has received the most attention in existing studies, while other components have different focuses depending on the subject. 6) The existing research deficiencies are mainly manifested as: the scope of subdomain research is not enough, and the internal dispersion is not systematic; The research object coverage is insufficient, the subject type is concentrated, the theoretical research is weak, and the research method is relatively simple. In view of the shortcomings, it is proposed to expand the research scope and improve the research system; The suggestions of selecting experimental subjects, expanding research objects and samples, and innovating research methods are expected to be helpful to the future development of ERP application in the field of Chinese as a second language research.