云计算服务场景下数据独家授权行为的反垄断法律属性辨明

Identifying the Antitrust Legal Attributes of Data Exclusive Licensing Behavior in Cloud Computing Service Scenarios

摘要: 云计算凭借其瞬间就能处理海量信息且能实现降低建设与使用计算资源成本的能力，具有巨大的市场潜力。但在云计算蓬勃发展的背后，却存在着数据独家授权的隐患。在云服务中，用户需要授予云服务商数据访问权才能成功运行程序，然而云服务商为了巩固自己在云市场中的竞争地位，往往通过多种方式限定用户只选择本平台作为云服务供应商，间接导致了数据被独家授权。若不对此现象加以规制，后果将不堪设想。此外，由于立法对限定交易采取的是行为主义，故本文从有关学说、判例中提炼出有关限定交易行为本身的构成要件，划定限定交易行为的边界，并根据限定交易的构成要件检验云市场中存在的数据独家授权行为，初步判定其归属于反垄断法中所规制的限定交易行为。

Abstract: Cloud computing has enormous market potential due to its ability to handle massive amounts of information instantly and reduce the costs of building and using computing resources. However, behind the booming development of cloud computing lies the hidden danger of data exclusive authorization. In cloud services, users need to grant data access rights to cloud service providers in order to successfully run programs. However, in order to solidify their competitive position in the cloud market, cloud service providers often restrict users in various ways to only choose their platform as the cloud service provider, indirectly leading to data being exclusively authorized. If this phenomenon is not regulated, the consequences will be unimaginable. In addition, since legislation takes a behavioral approach to restrictive practices, this article extracts the constitutive elements of restrictive practices from relevant theories and precedents, delineates the boundaries of restrictive practices, and examines the data exclusive authorization practices in the cloud market based on the constitutive elements of restrictive practices, preliminarily determining their classification as restrictive practices regulated by antitrust laws.