动力电池闭环供应链在碳交易政策下的决策分析

Decision Analysis of Closed-Loop Power Battery Supply Chains under Carbon Trading Policies

摘要: 推广新能源汽车是交通运输业实现清洁低碳转型的重要路径，随着新能源汽车市场保有量的不断增加，退役动力电池进入大规模退役期，电池回收利用逐渐成为一个复杂的问题，新电池生产和退役动力电池回收利用的碳排放问题逐渐显现，需要政府进行有效干预。因此，将碳交易政策作为政府干预的外生变量，研究政府干预下的新能源汽车电池封闭供应链问题，为企业和政府提供理论指导具有十分重要的意义。本文构建了碳交易政策下无电池生产商减排投入的分散决策、有电池生产商减排投入的分散决策和有电池生产商减排投入的集中决策三个博弈模型，研究了碳交易政策下新能源汽车电池封闭供应链决策问题，比较分析了决策结果对价格和利润的影响，并制定了供应链协调契约。结果表明，在政府碳交易政策下，电池制造商投资脱碳技术可以提高供应链参与者的利润水平，促进低碳供应链的发展，并鼓励分门别类地使用退役动力电池，但不鼓励第三方回收行为。排放成本分担、回收成本分担以及减少和回购成本分担合同机制可以激励电池生产商减少排放，鼓励第三方回收商进行回收。

Abstract: Promoting new energy vehicles is an important path for the transportation industry to realize clean and low-carbon transformation. With the increasing market ownership of new energy vehicles, retired power batteries have entered into large-scale decommissioning, and battery recycling has gradually become a complex issue, and the carbon emission problems of new battery production and retired power battery recycling have gradually emerged, requiring effective government intervention. Therefore, it is of great significance to take the carbon trading policy as an exogenous variable of government intervention, and study the closed supply chain problem of new energy vehicle batteries under government intervention, so as to provide theoretical guidance for enterprises and the government. This paper constructs three game models of decentralized decision-making without battery producers’ emission reduction inputs, decentralized decision-making with battery producers’ emission reduction inputs and centralized decision-making with battery producers’ emission reduction inputs under carbon trading policy, studies the closed supply chain decision-making problem of new energy vehicle batteries under the carbon trading policy, compares and analyzes the impacts of the decision-making results on the price and profit, and formulates a supply chain coordination contract. The results show that under the government’s carbon trading policy, battery manufacturers’ investment in decarbonization technology can increase the profit level of supply chain participants, promote the development of low-carbon supply chains, and encourage the use of retired power batteries in separate categories, but discourage third-party recycling behavior. Emission cost-sharing, recycling cost-sharing, and reduction and buy-back cost-sharing contractual mechanisms can incentivize battery manufacturers to reduce emissions and encourage third-party recyclers to recycle.