医学专业大学生颈椎健康现状调查及其影响因素研究

Investigation of Cervical Spine Health Status of Medical College Students and Its Influencing Factors

摘要: 目的：通过调查医学专业大学生群体颈椎健康状况及影响因素，为大学生有针对性地制定有效的健康保健防治措施提供依据，从而有效的降低颈椎病的发病率。方法：采用方便抽样选取2020~2021学年西安医学院不同专业不同年级的328名在校本科大学生，运用问卷调查的方法对其颈椎健康现状进行研究并探究其影响因素，使用SPSS23.0进行统计分析，计数资料采用率和构成比描述，组间差异比较采用卡方检验，影响颈椎健康的因素采用Logistic回归分析。结果：本次研究的328名医学专业大学生中，251人处于颈椎亚健康状态，发生率为76.5%。在颈椎亚健康的发病症状中，颈肩容易疲劳、头颈肩部或背部疼痛、颈部处于僵直状态、眩晕感、四肢发凉等症状发病较为常见。年级、看书时眼睛和书本的距离、是否长期处于同一姿势、精神压力的差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；而性别、成长环境、学习时不同姿势、平均每天电子产品使用的时长、是否熬夜、背包种类、是否有着凉史、颈椎病病因、颈椎病表现及其预防措施的了解情况的差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论：在医学专业大学生中颈椎亚健康状态普遍存在，其中高年级的学生发生率大于低年级的学生。大多数医学专业大学生颈椎亚健康的发病症状较轻，通过后期的休息与锻炼可缓解症状。年级、看书时眼睛和书本的距离、是否长期处于同一姿势、不同的精神压力是影响医学专业大学生颈椎健康的危险因素。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the health status and influencing factors of cervical vertebra in medical college students, and provide basis for the development of effective health care prevention and treatment measures for college students, so as to effectively reduce the incidence of cervical spondylosis. Method: 328 undergraduate students of different majors and grades in Xi’an Medical University in the academic year 2020~2021 were selected by convenient sampling. Questionnaire survey was used to study the health status of their cervical vertebrae and explore its influencing factors. SPSS23.0 was used for statistical analysis, the adoption rate and component ratio of counting data were described, and Chi-square test was used for comparison of differences between groups. The factors affecting cervical health were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results: Among 328 medical college students in this study, 251 were in the sub-health state of cervical spine, with an incidence of 76.5%. In the symptoms of cervical sub-health, neck and shoulder fatigue, head and neck shoulder or back pain, neck in a state of rigidity, dizziness, and limb cold symptoms are more common. There were significant differences in grade, distance between eyes and books, whether they were in the same posture for a long time, and mental stress (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in gender, growth environment, different posture during learning, average daily use of electronic products, whether to stay up late, backpack type, whether to have a history of cold, the cause of cervical spondylosis, cervical spondylosis manifestations and the understanding of preventive measures (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Cervical subhealth is common in medical college students, and the incidence of senior students is greater than that of junior students. Most medical college students have mild symptoms of cervical subhealth, which can be relieved by rest and exercise in the later stage. Grade, distance between the eyes and the book when reading, whether they are in the same position for a long time, and different mental stress are the risk factors that affect the cervical health of medical college students.