全新世以来滇西北森林火灾变化规律研究

Study on the Change Law of Forest Fires in Northwest Yunnan since the Holocene Period

摘要: 近年来，高频率的林火发生率、其明显的年际变化规律和林火对社会的危害引起了社会的广泛关注，也有众多学者对林火的发生规律以及其驱动机制进行探究。已有的很多研究发现林火的发生与气温、降水等气候因子密切相关，但很少有重视人类活动这一因素，然而它正逐渐成为林火发生的重要影响因子。本文通过对于全新世以来的云南西北地区的森林火灾数据的整理和分析，揭示了滇西北地区森林火灾的发生规律，同时揭示了滇西北地区森林火灾与气候变化和人类活动之间的关系。结果表明：全新世以来，滇西北森林火灾的发生受到气候的自然变化和人类活动的双重影响。5100 a BP以前，气候的自然变化对森林火灾的影响较大，在相对于温暖的时期，森林火灾事件的发生较多，而在相对寒冷的时期，森林火灾事件的发生较少；5100 a BP以来，人类活动开始对森林火灾产生影响，甚至有时远远超出了气候变化的影响。对现代炭屑的研究发现，细粒径炭屑较多，反映了区域性火灾事件，且炭屑浓度较高区域为人类活动较多的地区。

Abstract: In recent years, the high frequency of forest fire incidence, its obvious annual change law and the harm of forest fire to the society have attracted wide attention of the society. And many scholars have explored the occurrence law of forest fire and its driving mechanism. Many studies have found that the occurrence of forest fires is closely related to climate factors such as temperature and precipitation, but little attention is paid to the influence of human activities on the occurrence of forest fires. By analyzing the forest fire data since the Holocene of northwest Yunnan, this paper reveals the occurrence law of forest fires and the relationship with climate change and human activities. The results show that forest fires of northwest Yunnan are affected by climate change and human activities since the Holocene. Before 5100 a BP climate change had a greater impact on forest fires, with more forest fires in warm periods and fewer forest fires in cold periods. Since 5100 a BP, the impact of human activities on forest fires is greater, even far beyond the impact of climate change. Studies on modern charcoal have found that fine diameter charcoal is more, which reflects regional fire events. And the area of high charcoal concentration is the area with more human activities.