电子商务法中恶意投诉行为的法律规制——基于“通知–删除”规则

Legal Regulation of Malicious Complaints in E-Commerce Law—Based on the “Notification-Delete” Rule

摘要: 对电子商务领域内的知产侵权行为进行投诉是“通知–删除”规则的题中应有之义，但权利人恶意投诉无疑是对该规则的滥用。究其原因，电商平台对投诉仅采取形式审查、“15日等待期”设置的不合理、《电商法》对恶意投诉的惩罚性赔偿规定不清晰等，多因混合导致不正当竞争的恶意投诉行为频发，损害了电商经营者的利益，严重破坏电商平台的营商环境。据此，有效的对策应包括细化通知有效的标准，灵活处理必要措施的等待期，适当引入担保和反担保制度，扩大必要措施的范畴等。

Abstract: Complaining about intellectual property infringement in the field of e-commerce is a part of the “Notification-Delete” rule, but malicious complaints from rights holders are undoubtedly an abuse of this rule. The reasons for this are that e-commerce platforms only adopt formal review for complaints, the unreasonable setting of a “15 day waiting period”, and the unclear punitive compensation provisions for malicious complaints in the E-commerce Law. The frequent occurrence of malicious complaints due to mixed reasons has damaged the interests of e-commerce operators and seriously damaged the business environment of e-commerce platforms. Based on this, effective measures should include refining the standards for effective notification, flexibly handling the waiting period for necessary measures, introducing guarantee and counter guarantee systems appropriately, and expanding the scope of necessary measures.