年轻的卵巢成熟性畸胎瘤鳞癌变的临床报道并文献回顾

Clinical Reports and Literature Review of Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis in Young Ovarian Mature Teratoma

摘要: 卵巢成熟性畸胎瘤是最常见的卵巢肿瘤之一，10%~20%的女性一生之中可能罹患该病。约有1%~3%的卵巢成熟性畸胎瘤会发生恶变，病理类型包括鳞癌变、腺癌变、腺鳞癌变、肉瘤或类癌，其中80%的恶变是来自于外胚层的鳞癌。因此，卵巢成熟性畸胎瘤恶性变是卵巢肿瘤中较为罕见的一种病理类型，发病率低，恶性程度高，预后差，缺乏统一、有效的治疗方案。西北妇女儿童医院妇瘤科通过对收治的1例年轻女性成熟性畸胎瘤合并鳞癌变患者病例进行临床分析。撰写本文的目的在于如何早期识别成熟性畸胎瘤鳞癌变这一临床罕见病，并决定后续治疗方式，避免因诊断不明确而导致的医源性肿瘤分期升级。现对病例作如下报道。

Abstract: Ovarian mature teratoma is one of the most common ovarian tumors, and 10%~20% of women may suffer from the disease in their lifetime. About 1%~3% of mature ovarian teratomas will undergo malignant changes, and the pathological types include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, sarcoma or carcinoid, of which 80% of malignant changes are squamous cell carcinoma from ectoderm. Therefore, malignant transformation of ovarian mature teratoma is a relatively rare pathological type of ovarian tumor, with low incidence, high malignancy, poor prognosis, and lack of unified and effective treatment plan. The Department of Gynecology Oncology of Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital conducted clinical analysis of a patient with mature teratoma combined with squamous cell carcinoma in young women. The purpose of this paper is to identify mature teratoma squamous cell carcinoma, a rare clinical disease, at an early stage, and to determine follow-up treatment methods to avoid the staging of iatrogenic tumors caused by unclear diagnosis. The cases are reported as follows.