电子商务合同的民事法律风险及完善路径探析

Analysis on the Civil Legal Risk of E-Commerce Contract and Its Perfection

摘要: 随着电子信息技术快速发展，电子商务交易活动日益成为人们参与市场交易的重要形式。电子商务交易活动需要签订电子商务合同，从我国现行法律规定来看，电子商务合同法律规定的不明确，致使电子商务合同在订立过程中的民事法律风险日益凸显，不利于电子商务快速发展。电子商务合同作为电子商务领域中不可或缺的一项证明电子商务交易行为合法性和解决电子商务交易纠纷的重要依据，其关乎电子商务市场发展的有序性和可持续性，但由于其规范规定的不明确性使得电子商务合同尚存在民事法律风险。对此，虽然与电子商务相关的法律法规纷至沓来，明确了电子商务合同的基本内容和适用条件，但由于电子商务合同的虚拟化、电子化、特殊性和风险性特征使得其合同仍然存在因立法规定不明确、电商平台监管失位、意思表示不明确、权利滥用等引发的民事法律风险。在此基础上，本文在法律的框架下提出立法明确、发挥司法作用的角度为完善电子商务合同的法律规制，减少其民事法律风险，提高电子商务市场交易效率提供了切实可行的方案。

Abstract: With the rapid development of electronic information technology, e-commerce transactions have increasingly become an important form of people’s participation in market transactions. E-commerce transaction activities require the signing of e-commerce contracts. From the current legal provisions in China, the unclear legal provisions of e-commerce contracts have led to increasingly prominent civil legal risks in the process of signing e-commerce contracts, which is not conducive to the rapid development of e-commerce. E-commerce contracts, as an indispensable proof of the legitimacy of e-commerce transactions and an important basis for resolving e-commerce disputes in the field of e-commerce, are related to the orderly and sustainable development of the e-commerce market. However, due to the ambiguity of their regulatory provisions, there are still civil legal risks in e-commerce contracts. Although laws and regulations related to e-commerce have emerged one after another, clarifying the basic content and applicable conditions of e-commerce contracts, the virtualization, electronicization, uniqueness, and risk characteristics of e-commerce contracts still pose civil legal risks due to unclear legislative provisions, regulatory oversight of e-commerce platforms, unclear expression of intent, and abuse of rights. On this basis, this article proposes a practical and feasible plan to improve the legal regulation of e-commerce contracts, reduce civil legal risks, and improve transaction efficiency in the e-commerce market from the perspective of clear legislation and judicial role within the legal framework.