安全信息认知的建筑工人不安全行为关键影响因素研究——基于DEMATEL-ISM结构模型

Research on the Key Influencing Factors of Unsafe Behavior of Construction Workers Based on Safety Information Cognition—Based on DEMATEL-ISM Structural Model

摘要: 为深入理解建筑工人不安全行为形成机理及其关键影响因素，本研究从安全信息获取、感知、认知、利用到安全行为执行五个方面提取影响因素，构建了一个安全信息认知与建筑工人不安全行为分析框架。通过决策评价实验室与解释结构模型(DEMATEL-ISM)方法，本研究揭示了各影响因素之间的因果关系及层次结构，确定了外部环境、安全能力、安全意识、主观规范和不良心理状态等为关键影响因素。结果表明，外部环境和安全氛围直接影响建筑工人的不安全行为；主观规范、不良心理状态、安全态度和感知行为控制为中间层因素；而安全意识、安全动机和安全能力构成了不安全行为的根本原因。据此，提出加强安全意识教育、提高技术水平和倡导安全文化等管理建议，旨在改善工人的心理状态，从根本上降低不安全行为的发生。本研究对于理解和改进建筑行业工人的安全行为提供了有价值的理论指导和实践方向。

Abstract: To deeply understand the mechanisms behind construction workers’ unsafe behaviors and their key influencing factors, this study extracts influencing factors from five aspects: safety information acquisition, perception, cognition, utilization, and safety behavior execution, constructing a framework for analyzing the relationship between safety information cognition and construction workers’ unsafe behaviors. Employing the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) methods, this research reveals the causal relationships and hierarchical structure among these influencing factors, identifying external environment, safety capability, safety awareness, subjective norms, and adverse psychological states as key factors. The results show that the external environment and safety atmosphere directly affect construction workers’ unsafe behaviors; subjective norms, adverse psychological states, safety attitudes, and perceived behavioral control are intermediate factors; while safety awareness, safety motivation, and safety capability constitute the fundamental reasons for unsafe behaviors. Based on these findings, management suggestions such as strengthening safety awareness education, improving technical levels, and advocating a safety culture are proposed to improve workers’ psychological states fundamentally and reduce the occurrence of unsafe behaviors. This study provides valuable theoretical guidance and practical directions for understanding and improving the safety behaviors of workers in the construction industry.