案例指导制度的司法适用问题研究

Study on Judicial Application Issues of Case Guidance System

摘要: 指导性案例的效力关乎制度的实践运用，该问题一直是学界讨论的热点。受制于效力不明，法官对于“应当参照”的理解不一，司法实践中存在法官隐性适用等不当参照方式，且案例指导制度并没有发挥出当事人在推动司法适用层面的积极作用。为解决司法适用过程中呈现的问题，仍然需要发挥国家在建构案例指导制度中的作用。未来应当明确赋予指导性案例法律约束力，丰富案例资源，通过为法官设置偏离案例的论证义务规范法官的参照行为，督促法官在程序的约束下通过论证区别案例之间的相似性，由此更好落实案例指导制度的应有功能。

Abstract: The effectiveness of guiding cases is related to the practical application of the system, which has been a hot topic in academic circles. Limited by unclear effectiveness, judges have different understandings of “should be referred to”, improper reference methods such as implicit application of judges exist in judicial practice, and the case guidance system does not play a positive role in promoting judicial application. In order to solve the problems in the process of judicial application, it is still necessary to play the role of the state in constructing the case guidance system. In the future, guiding cases should be clearly endowed with legal binding force, case resources should be enriched, judges’ reference behavior should be regulated by setting argumentation obligations for judges to deviate from cases, and judges should be urged to distinguish the similarities between cases through argumentation under the constraints of procedures, so as to better implement the due function of the case guidance system.