铁元素代谢异常对甲状腺功能及自身抗体影响的研究进展

Progress on the Effects of Abnormal Iron Metabolism on Thyroid Function and Autoantibodies

摘要: 甲状腺激素是由甲状腺分泌的重要激素，在细胞的增殖分化、机体的代谢和生长发育过程中起着关键作用。微量元素是人体必需的营养物质，对于蛋白质的结构和催化功能具有重要作用。其中，铁是人体内不可或缺的微量元素之一，与甲状腺激素的合成与代谢密切相关。铁缺乏或铁过载都会对甲状腺功能产生影响，尽管程度可能不同。铁缺乏会降低甲状腺激素的合成与释放，导致甲状腺功能减退。另一方面，铁过载则可能导致甲状腺自身免疫性疾病的发生，例如自身免疫性甲状腺炎。因此，了解铁与甲状腺相互影响的研究对于预防、发现和治疗甲状腺相关疾病具有重要意义。

Abstract: Thyroid hormone is an important hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, which plays a key role in the proliferation and differentiation of cells, body metabolism, and growth and development processes. Trace elements are essential nutrients of human body and play important roles in the structure and catalytic function of proteins. Among them, iron is one of the indispensable trace elements in the human body, and it is closely related to the synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormone. Both iron deficiency or iron overload can have an effect on thyroid function, although the extent may vary. Iron deficiency reduces the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones, leading to hypothyroidism. On the other hand, iron overload may lead to the occurrence of thyroid autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune thyroiditis. Therefore, studies understanding the interaction between iron and thyroid are of great importance for the prevention, detection and treatment of thyroid-related diseases.