基于数据挖掘探讨宋爱英教授诊治恶性肿瘤化疗期气阴两虚证的用药规律

Exploring the Medication Rule of Professor Song Aiying in Diagnosing and Treating Qi and Yin Deficiency Syndrome in Chemotherapy Period of Malignant Tumor Based on Data Mining

摘要: 目的：通过数据挖掘技术分析宋爱英教授辨治恶性肿瘤化疗期气阴两虚证的用药规律。方法：筛选2021年6月~2023年6月宋爱英教授诊治的恶性肿瘤化疗期气阴两虚证的患者病案。用Excel365将处方信息规范为数据库，使用Excel和R语言(4.3.1)对处方进行频数、功效、四气五味以及归经分布频率统计，和关联规则以及聚类分析并可视化。结果：通过纳入排除标准筛选出的120首处方，197味中药，总用药频率2951次；分析用药规律可知中药四气以：寒、温、平为主，五味以甘、苦为主，归经以肝、肺、胃、脾为主，药物功效以补气药、利水渗湿药、补血药为主。在用药频数上，使用频数大于80次的有陈皮、水飞蓟、黄芪、白芍、麦芽、半夏、白术、熟地等，关联规则分析结果显示，核心组方为白芍、陈皮、麦芽、水飞蓟、黄芪。结合投票将药物聚为四类，得出4个核心处方。结论：宋爱英教授在肿瘤化疗期气阴两虚证治疗经验，以益气养阴补血为主，兼利水渗湿以保肝，健运脾胃以止呕，除烦安神宁心。为中医临床化疗期间用药提供辨证思路和用药参考。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the medication rule of Professor Song Aiying in diagnosing and treating qi and yin deficiency syndrome in chemotherapy period of malignant tumor through data mining technology. Methods: Patient cases of qi and yin deficiency syndrome in chemotherapy period of malignant tumor treated by Professor Song Aiying from June 2021 to June 2023 were screened. The prescription information was standardized into a database using Excel 365. Excel and R language (4.3.1) were used to perform frequency analysis, function analysis, four properties (temperature) and five flavors (taste) analysis, meridian tropism analysis, association rule analysis, and cluster analysis on the prescriptions, along with visualization. Results: A total of 120 prescriptions and 197 Chinese herbal medicines were selected through the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a total medication frequency of 2951 times. The analysis of medication rules showed that the four properties of Chinese herbal medicines were mainly cold, warm, and neutral, while the five flavors were mainly sweet and bitter. The meridians they belonged to were mainly the liver, lung, stomach, and spleen. The main functions of the drugs were qi-tonifying, diuresis and dampness-eliminating, and blood-supplementing. In terms of medication frequency, the herbs used more than 80 times included Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Chenpi), Milk Thistle Seed (Silybum marianum), Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi), Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao), Hordeum vulgare L. Seed (Malt), Pinellia ternata (Banxia), Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (Baizhu), and Prepared Rehmannia Root (Shudi). The results of association rule analysis showed that the core formula was Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Chenpi), Hordeum vulgare L. Seed (Malt), Milk Thistle Seed (Silybum marianum), and Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi). Combining with voting, the drugs were clustered into four categories, resulting in four core prescriptions. Conclusion: Professor Song Aiying’s treatment experience for qi and yin deficiency syndrome during tumor chemotherapy focuses mainly on supplementing qi, nourishing yin, and enriching blood. Additionally, it includes promoting diuresis and eliminating dampness to protect the liver, strengthening the spleen and stomach to stop vomiting, calming the mind and relieving irritability. This provides dialectical thinking and medication reference for Chinese medicine’s clinical use during chemotherapy.