合同僵局下违约方解除权与司法解除的逻辑证成

The Logical Proof of the Right of Dissolution of the Breaching Party and the Judicial Dissolution under the Contractual Deadlock

摘要: 《民法典》第580条第2款赋予违约方合同解除权，该制度的设置目的在于打破实践中存在的合同僵局现象，以立法形式促进交易效率与公平。但实际运用中面对可能出现的背离合同公平、破坏市场诚信和牺牲交易效率等不利后果，则需要通过司法裁判手段把握在合同僵局情形下违约方解除权的行使路径，引入司法解除模式构建合理的合同僵局破解机制，探明多效并举的合同解除模式，在双方当事人之间兼顾公平合理的利益再分配原则。

Abstract: Article 580 (2) of the Civil Code grants the defaulting party the right to rescind the contract, with the aim of resolving contractual impasses and promoting transactional efficiency and fairness through legislative means. However, in practical application, potential adverse consequences such as departure from contractual fairness, erosion of market integrity, and compromise of transactional efficiency necessitate a judicially adjudicated exercise path for the defaulting party’s right to terminate the contract in deadlock situations. This calls for introducing a judicial dissolution mechanism to address contract impasses and exploring multi-faceted modes of contract dissolution that consider principles of equitable interest redistribution between parties.