8~12岁低中度近视儿童周边视网膜离焦状态分析

Analysis of Peripheral Retinal Defocus in Low to Moderate Myopia Children Aged 8~12 Years Old

摘要: 目的：探讨低中度近视儿童周边视网膜离焦状态分布特征，及其与眼部参数及调节之间的相关性。方法：横断面研究，纳入2023年3月至2023年11月在重庆医科大学附属永川医院眼科门诊就诊且符合条件的8~12岁低中度近视儿童75例(150眼)。采用MRT测量双眼视网膜不同区域的RPRE值，分析不同偏心度RPRE值；对比上方及下方，鼻侧及颞侧PRPE值；分析眼部参数及调节与RPRE值的关系。结果：在0˚~15˚、15˚~30˚、30˚~45˚范围的RPRE值差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)，RPRE值随着偏心度增大而增加(P_trend < 0.05)。上方为近视性离焦，下方为远视性离焦，上方离焦值小于下方，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001)；颞侧及鼻侧均为远视性离焦，颞侧离焦值小于鼻侧，差异无统计学意义(P = 0.199)。在不同偏心度时，RPRE值与眼部参数及调节无相关性(P > 0.05)。在视网膜下方及颞侧RPRE值与暗瞳大小呈正相关性(P < 0.05)。结论：8~12岁低中度近视儿童在15˚~45˚范围的离焦值为远视性离焦，且RPRE值随着偏心度增大而增加；上方为近视性离焦，下方为远视性离焦，存在非对称性；在不同偏心度时，RPRE值与眼部参数及调节无相关性；在不同方位时，视网膜下方及颞侧的RPRE值与暗瞳大小呈正相关性。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the distribution of peripheral retinal defocus and its correlation with ocular parameters and accommodation in low to moderate myopia children. Method: In this Cross-sectional study, a total of 75 low to moderate myopia children (150 eyes) aged 8~12 years old were included in Department of Ophthalmology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, from March 2023 to November 2023. The mean values of RPRE in different regions of retina were measured by MRT. The differences of different eccentricity RPRE were analyzed. The superior and inferior refraction values, nasal and temperior refraction values were compared. The relationship between ocular parameters or accommodation and RPRE was analyzed. Result: There were significant differences among 0˚~15˚, 15˚~30˚ and 30˚~45˚ (P < 0.05) and the RPRE increased with the increase of eccentricity (P_trend < 0.05). The superior refraction value was myopic defocus, and the inferior refraction value was hyperopic defocus. The superior refraction value was smaller than the inferior refraction value, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The temporal refraction value is smaller than the nasal refraction value, which is hyperopic defocus with no statistical significance (P = 0.199). There was no significant correlation between RPRE and ocular parameters or accommodation in different eccentricity range (P > 0.05). The inferior refraction value and temporal refraction value was positive correlated with the dark pupil (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In the eccentricity range of 15˚ to 45˚, the RPRE of low and moderate myopia children aged 8~12 years old was hyperopic defocus, and the RPRE increased with the increase of eccentricity. The superior refraction value was myopic defocus, and the inferior refraction value was hyperopic defocus. Superior and inferior RPRE was asymmetric. There was no significant correlation between RPRE and ocular parameters or accommodation in different eccentricity range. The inferior refraction value and temporal refraction value was positive correlated with the dark pupil in different quadrants.