西宁地区不同部位下肢深静脉血栓形成与肺栓塞发病关系的研究进展

Research Progress on the Relationship between Deep Venous Thrombosis in Different Parts of the Lower Extremities and Pulmonary Embolism in Xining Area

摘要: 在当前全球公共卫生政策的背景下，下肢深静脉血栓形成与肺栓塞作为重要的血管疾病，对人类社会的健康和经济发展构成了严重威胁。在西宁等低氧地区，由于地理环境、生活习惯等因素，下肢深静脉血栓形成与肺栓塞的发病率较高。然而，目前对于不同部位下肢深静脉血栓形成与肺栓塞的发病关系的研究仍然不足，尤其是对于相关独立危险因素在下肢深静脉血栓形成与肺栓塞中的影响尚未明确。由于血栓脱落的过程中，其形态不稳定，导致肺栓塞的部位及分型不明确，但随着血栓的发病机制以及影像学检查被越来越深入的了解和完善，其诊断已经取得了突飞猛进的进展。通过收集2015年1月~2023年7月于青海大学附属医院经D-二聚体测定、下肢静脉超声、下肢静脉造影、有创肺动脉造影及肺动脉CTA初次确诊为VTE住院的患者。并通过Excel表格统计患者涉及的独立危险因素。使用SPSS 25.0软件对收集的数据进行统计分析。本文将通过对不同独立危险因素的深入研究以及结合临床数据，分析导致下肢深静脉血栓形成患者发生肺栓塞的独立危险因素。通过探讨下肢深静脉血栓形成与肺栓塞的疾病背景、发病机制和流行病学调查作一综述，分析不同部位下肢深静脉血栓形成与肺栓塞的发病关系。

Abstract: In the context of current global public health policies, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), as important vascular diseases, pose a serious threat to the health of human society and economic development. In Xining and other low oxygen areas, due to geographical environment, living habits and other factors, the incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is high. However, studies on the relationship between deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in different parts of lower limbs are still insufficient, especially that the influence of relevant independent risk factors on deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is not clear. Due to the unstable shape of thrombus in the process of shedding, the location and type of pulmonary embolism are not clear. However, with the deepening understanding and improvement of the pathogenesis of thrombus and imaging examination, the diagnosis and diagnosis of pulmonary embolism has made rapid progress. Patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from January 2015 to July 2023 were initially diagnosed as VTE by D-dimer determination, lower extremity venous ultrasonography, lower extremity venography, invasive pulmonary angiography and pulmonary artery CTA. The independent risk factors involved in the patients were calculated using Excel tables. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the collected data. This paper will analyze the independent risk factors leading to pulmonary embolism in patients with deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs through in-depth study of different independent risk factors and combined with clinical data. This paper reviews the background, pathogenesis and epidemiology of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism of lower extremity, and analyzes the relationship between deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in different parts.