突发公共卫生事件背景下领事保护制度的最新发展

Recent Development of Consular Protection System in the Context of Public Health Emergencies

摘要: 1963年缔结的《维也纳领事关系公约》规定了领事保护，但是领事保护的内涵并未形成一致意见。突发公共卫生事件这一背景又使领事保护制度面临新的机遇和挑战，我国境外公民的人身安全、财产安全、就业权、受教育权、居留权和归国权等权利都受到影响。虽然我国外交部和驻外使领馆等领事部门协调各方力量，积极帮助海外公民解决问题，但是领事保护制度本身存在国际立法不完善、双边条约保护不全面和国内立法滞后性的困境。因此，在突发公共卫生事件背景下，领事保护制度还需要进一步完善。

Abstract: The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963) provides for consular protection, but no consensus has been reached on the meaning of consular protection. Under the background of public health emergencies, the consular protection system is faced with new opportunities and challenges, and the personal safety, property safety, employment rights, education rights, right of abode and right of return of Chinese overseas citizens are all affected. Although the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and consular departments such as Chinese embassies and consulates abroad coordinate the efforts of all parties and actively help overseas citizens solve problems, the consular protection system itself is plagued by imperfect international legislation, incomplete protection of bilateral treaties and lagging domestic legislation. Therefore, in the context of public health emergencies, the consular protection system needs to be further improved.