我国海盗赎金保险责任问题研究

Research on the Liability of Pirate Ransom Insurance in China

摘要: 自2008年以来，索马里海盗日发猖獗。现代海盗不再以传统的杀人越货为手段，转而以索要赎金的方式劫持船货和船员。我国作为世界航运大国面临着巨大的海盗风险，承担着巨额海盗赎金损失，而保险市场对于此种风险承担能力不足，也缺乏相应的险种进行承保。我国对于海盗赎金的法律定性和海盗赎金在海上保险中应以何种方式获得赔偿等问题仍待解决。本文通过相关判例和现行保险条款对海盗赎金的法律性质进行界定，进一步探讨保险赔付海盗赎金的有效手段，并针对我国现状提出可行性建议。

Abstract: Since 2008, Somali piracy has become increasingly prevalent. Modern pirates no longer use the traditional means of killing people and stealing cargoes, but instead hijack ships and crews for ransom. China as the world’s largest shipping country is facing a huge risk of piracy, bears a huge loss of piracy ransom, and the insurance market for such risk-bearing capacity is insufficient, but also lacks the corresponding types of insurance to underwrite. China’s legal characterization to piracy ransom and how piracy ransom should be compensated in marine insurance and other issues remain to be resolved. This paper defines the legal nature of piracy ransom through relevant jurisprudence and existing insurance terms, further discusses the effective means of insurance compensation for piracy ransom, and puts forward feasible proposals for the status quo in China.