质子交换膜燃料电池低温冷启动研究

Research on Optimization of Low Temperature Cold Start Strategy of PEMFC for Automotive Application

摘要: 质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)汽车在低温环境中的限制主要是冷启动问题。本文以某款车用PEMFC系统为参照，使用AMEsim软件建立了仿真模型，研究PEMFC无外源低温冷启动问题，提出一个综合的低温冷启动方案，包括蓄热器辅助启动、系统分级启动、电堆分堆启动等策略，为实验研究提供了参考。仿真结果显示，在−20℃的低温环境下，PEMFC在63 s内输出功率达50%，成功冷启动，启动成功率100%，启动时间缩短了81%，显著改善了PEMFC的低温冷启动性能。

Abstract: Cold start of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in low temperature environment is a main problem which limits the performances of PEMFC. Numerical simulations of a PEMFC system for vehicles are carried out by using AMEsim software in this paper, and the cold start strategy and performance of PEMFC at the low environment temperature are studied. 5 cold start strategies are designed with the orthogonal method, by changing operation parameters such as the auxiliary preheating of heat accumulator and the heating modes of stacks, etc. Simulation results show that the output power of PEMFC rise to 50% within 63 s at −20˚C, start-up success rate is 100%, start-up time is reduced by 81%, the cold start performance of PEMFC is improved significantly.