云南文山州土壤磷素含量与烤烟质量的关系

Analysis on the Relationship between Soil Phosphorus Content and Flue-Cured Tobacco Leaf Quality in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province

摘要: 【目的】为了探讨云南文山州植烟土壤磷含量与所产烟叶质量的关系，【方法】以云南省文山州7个县(市)的222份土壤和烟叶样品为研究对象，通过相关分析和差异显著性分析，研究了土壤磷含量与烟叶外观质量、物理特性、常规化学成分、感官评吸质量的相关性及不同磷含量档次土壤所产烟叶的外观质量、物理指标、常规化学成分、感官评吸质量的差异性。【结果】：(1) 土壤全磷含量与烟叶的颜色、油分、成熟度、色度呈显著或极显著负相关关系；随植烟土壤全磷含量档次升高，烟叶的颜色、成熟度、色度得分均表现为下降趋势。(2) 土壤磷含量与烟叶平衡含水率、含梗率均呈显著负相关，与烟叶填充值极显著负相关；在一定范围内，随土壤全磷含量档次升高，烟叶平衡含水率得分有降低趋势；随土壤全磷含量档次升高，烟叶填充值得分表现为明显的上升趋势。(3) 土壤全磷含量与烟叶总氮含量极显著正相关，与烟叶总糖、还原糖、糖碱比均为极显著负相关；烟叶总植物碱、总氮含量随土壤磷含量档次升高而增加，烟叶总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比有随土壤磷含量档次升高而下降的趋势。(4) 土壤全磷含量与烟气圆润感、余味显著负相关；随土壤速效磷含量档次升高，香气质、杂气、圆润感、干燥感4个指标得分和评吸总分均表现为下降趋势，随土壤全磷含量档次升高，余味指标得分和评吸总分总体表现为下降趋势。【结论】综合分析初步认为，土壤全磷含量大于1.5%时，如果仍然按传统施磷量施肥，对烟叶外观质量造成不利影响；土壤速效磷含量大于10 mg/kg时，如果仍然按传统施磷量施肥，对烟叶评吸质量造成不利影响。

Abstract: In order to explore the relationship between phosphorus content in tobacco planting soil and the quality of tobacco leaves produced in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, 222 soil samples and 222 tobacco leaf samples from seven counties in Wenshan Prefecture were used as research objects, correlation analysis and difference significance analysis were used to analyze the relationship between soil phosphorus content and tobacco leaf appearance quality, physical characteristics, conventional chemical composition, sensory evaluation quality, as well as the differences of appearance quality, inner quality of tobacco leaves produced in different phosphorus content grades of soil. The results showed that: (1) there was a significant or extremely significant negative correlation between the total phosphorus content in soil and the color, oil content, maturity, and chromaticity of tobacco leaves; as the total phosphorus content of tobacco planting soil increases, the color, maturity, and chromaticity scores of tobacco leaves show a downward trend. (2) The phosphorus content in soil is significantly negatively correlated with the equilibrium moisture content and stem content of tobacco leaves, and extremely significantly negatively correlated with the filling value of tobacco leaves; within a certain range, the equilibrium moisture content score of tobacco leaves tends to decrease with the increase of total phosphorus content in the soil; the score of tobacco leaf filling value shows a significant upward trend as the total phosphorus content in the soil increases. (3) The total phosphorus content in soil is highly significantly positively correlated with the total nitrogen content of tobacco leaves, while it is highly significantly negatively correlated with the total sugar, reducing sugar, and sugar alkali ratio of tobacco leaves; the total alkaloids and total nitrogen content of tobacco leaves increase with the increase of soil phosphorus content, while the total sugar, reducing sugar content, and sugar alkali ratio of tobacco leaves show a downward trend with the increase of soil phosphorus content. (4) The total phosphorus content in soil is significantly negatively correlated with the roundness and aftertaste of smoke; as the content of available phosphorus in the soil increases, the scores of the four indicators of aroma quality, impurities, roundness, and dryness, as well as the total score of absorption, all show a downward trend; and the total phosphorus content in the soil increases, the overall score of aftertaste indicators and total evaluation scores show a downward trend. Based on comprehensive analysis, it is preliminarily believed that when the total phosphorus content in soil is greater than 1.5%, if the traditional phosphorus application rate is still applied, it will have a negative impact on the appearance quality of tobacco leaves; When the soil available phosphorus content is greater than 10 mg/kg, if the traditional phosphorus application rate is still applied, it will have a negative impact on the smoking quality of tobacco leaves.