公司越权担保问题研究

Research on the Issue of Company Ultra Vires Guarantee

摘要: 在市场经济快速发展的背景下，立法者意识到限制公司担保能力不再是长久之计。为平衡股东利益与交易相对人利益，需要形成合理的制度选择来规范公司的意思形成程序。2005年《公司法》第十六条应运而生。修订后的条文相较于之前，最大的变化就是遵循意思自治原则，不再限制公司担保，将公司担保相关决策权授予公司章程自治，决策机关可在董事会和股东(大)会间自行选择。但十六条仍有不足之处，其并未规定违反十六条的法律后果，也未规定公司与债权人在签订合同时，双方存在的相关义务，即公司应当出具经董事会或股东会、股东大会表决通过的公司决议；同时相对人也应尽到相关注意义务。

Abstract: In the context of the rapid development of the market economy, lawmakers have realized that limiting the company’s guarantee ability is no longer a long-term solution. In order to balance the interests of shareholders and the interests of transaction counterparts, it is necessary to form a reasonable institutional choice to standardize the process of the formation of the company’s meaning. Article 16 of the Company Law of 2005 came into being. Compared with the previous provisions, the biggest change is to follow the principle of autonomy, no longer restrict the company’s guarantee, the company’s guarantee decision-making power is granted to the autonomy of the company’s articles of association, decision-making organs can choose between the board of directors and shareholders (general) meeting. However, there are still shortcomings in Article 16, which does not stipulate the legal consequences of violating Article 16, nor does it stipulate the relevant obligations of both parties when the company and creditors sign the contract, that is, the company shall issue a corporate resolution passed by the board of directors or the shareholders’ meeting and the shareholders’ meeting. At the same time, the relative party should also fulfill the relevant duty of care.