体育赛事节目著作权侵权责任适用规则体系化

Systematization of Rules for the Application of Copyright Infringement Liability in Sports Event Programs

摘要: “互联网 体育”模式蕴涵着巨大的商业价值，许多体育赛事转播商斥巨资引进赛事转播权。遗憾的是，体育赛事节目互联网“盗播”现象频频发生，侵权行为无法得到有效打击。当前体育赛事节目具有可版权性已经成为趋势，学界争议焦点主要集中在两大方面，一是体育赛事节目的法律属性；二是互联网“盗播”行为侵害的具体权项。但是体育赛事节目的著作权侵权责任适用问题同样值得重点关注，有必要实现体育赛事节目著作权侵权责任适用规则的体系化。本文将从立法和司法上分别阐述完善体育赛事节目著作权侵权责任适用规则的关键路径，立法上，应当做到《体育法》与相关法律的有效衔接，并明确具有独创性体育赛事节目的“视听作品”地位。司法上，一是要明确体育赛事节目侵权行为侵害的具体权项；二是要善用体育赛事节目先行判决停止侵害制度；三是要合理确定侵权损失赔偿额度；四是要谨慎适用惩罚性赔偿。总之，体育赛事节目的著作权侵权责任规则的适用要兼具保护和限制功能，实现多方利益的平衡。

Abstract: The “Internet plus Sports” model contains great commercial value, but the phenomenon of “Stealth Broadcasting” of sports events on the Internet occurs frequently and infringement cannot be effectively attacked. The current trend is that sports event programs have copyright rights, and the focus of controversy in academia mainly focuses on two aspects: firstly, the legal nature of sports event programs; the second is the specific rights infringed by Internet piracy. However, the application of copyright infringement liability for sports event programs also deserves special attention. It is necessary to systematize the copyright infringement liability for sports event programs. This article will elaborate on the key paths to improve the application rules of copyright infringement liability for sports event programs from both legislative and judicial perspectives. In terms of legislation, effective integration between the Sports Law and relevant laws should be achieved and the status of original sports event programs as “audio-visual works” should be clarified. In terms of justice, firstly, it is necessary to clarify the specific rights that are infringed upon by infringement of sports event programs; the second is to make good use of the system of pre judgment and cessation of infringement in sports event programs; thirdly, it is necessary to reasonably determine the amount of compensation for infringement losses; the fourth is to apply punitive damages with caution. In short, the application of copyright infringement liability in sports event programs should have both protective and restrictive functions, achieving a balance of interests among multiple parties.