子宫肌瘤的流行病学特征及危险因素
Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Uterine Leiomyomata
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2024.1451660, PDF,   
作者: 李 红, 董晓静*:重庆医科大学附属第二医院妇产科,重庆
关键词: 子宫肌瘤流行病学危险因素Uterine Leiomyomata Epidemiology Risk Factor
摘要: 子宫平滑肌瘤是全球育龄期妇女最常见的盆腔肿瘤。目前子宫肌瘤的确切病因尚未明了,其可能的危险因素包括年龄、非裔美国人种族、肥胖、未生育、生活方式及内外源性激素因素等。本综述通过分析现有文献资料,通过流行病学研究阐明子宫肌瘤的易感因素,以期为探索子宫肌瘤的病因以及预防措施提供线索。
Abstract: Uterine leiomyoma is the most common pelvic tumor in women of reproductive age worldwide. The exact cause of uterine fibroids is unknown, but possible risk factors include age, African American race, obesity, childlessness, lifestyle, and exogenous hormonal factors. Through analyzing the existing literature, this review elucidates the susceptibility factors of uterine fibroids through epidemiological studies, in order to provide clues for exploring the etiology and preventive measures of uterine fibroids.
文章引用:李红, 董晓静. 子宫肌瘤的流行病学特征及危险因素[J]. 临床医学进展, 2024, 14(5): 2134-2141. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2024.1451660

参考文献

[1] Al-Hendy, A., Myers, E. and Stewart, E. (2017) Uterine Fibroids: Burden and Unmet Medical Need. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine, 35, 473-480. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Day Baird, D., Dunson, D.B., Hill, M.C., et al. (2003) High Cumulative Incidence of Uterine Leiomyoma in Black and White Women: Ultrasound Evidence. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 188, 100-107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Wise, L.A. and Laughlin-Tommaso, S.K. (2016) Epidemiology of Uterine Fibroids: From Menarche to Menopause. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 59, 2-24.
[4] Li, S. and Mclachlan, J.A. (2001) Estrogen-Associated Genes in Uterine Leiomyoma. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 948, 112-120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Pedeutour, F., Quade, B.J., Weremowicz, S., et al. (1998) Localization and Expression of the Human Estrogen Receptor β Gene in Uterine Leiomyomata. Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer, 23, 361-366. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[6] Cardozo, E.R., Clark, A.D., Banks, N.K., et al. (2012) The Estimated Annual Cost of Uterine Leiomyomata in the United States. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 206, 211.E1-211.E9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Baird D.D., Patchel, S.A., Saldana, T.M, et al. (2020) Uterine Fibroid Incidence and Growth in an Ultrasound-Based, Prospective Study of Young African Americans. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 223, 402.E1-402.E18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8] Flake, G.P., Andersen, J. and Dixon, D. (2003) Etiology and Pathogenesis of Uterine Leiomyomas: A Review. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111, 1037-1054. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Wise, L.A. (2004) Reproductive Factors, Hormonal Contraception, and Risk of Uterine Leiomyomata in African-American Women: A Prospective Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 159, 113-123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Marshall, L. (1997) Variation in the Incidence of Uterine Leiomyoma among Premenopausal Women by Age and Race. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 90, 967-973. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[11] Al-Hendy, A. and Salama, S.A. (2006) Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Polymorphism Is Associated with Increased Uterine Leiomyoma Risk in Different Ethnic Groups. Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation, 13, 136-144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Qin, H., Lin, Z., Vásquez, E., et al. (2020) Association between Obesity and the Risk of Uterine Fibroids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 75, 197-204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] Ross, R.K., Pike, M.C., Vessey, M.P., et al. (1986) Risk Factors for Uterine Fibroids: Reduced Risk Associated with Oral Contraceptives. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 293, 359-362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Shozu, M. and Inoue, M. (2004) Aromatase and Leiomyoma of the Uterus. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine, 22, 51-60. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Soave, I. and Marci, R. (2018) From Obesity to Uterine Fibroids: An Intricate Network. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 34, 1877-1879. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] Maggio, M., Lauretani, F., Basaria, S., et al. (2008) Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Levels Across the Adult Lifespan in Women—The Role of Body Mass Index and Fasting Insulin. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 31, 597-601. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[17] Salehi, A.M., Jenabi, E., Farashi, S., et al. (2023) The Environmental Risk Factors Related to Uterine Leiomyoma: An Umbrella Review. Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction, 52, Article ID: 102517. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Dhama, K., Latheef, S.K., Dadar, M., et al. (2019) Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 6, Article 465402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Herrera, A.Y., Nielsen, S.E. and Mather, M. (2016) Stress-Induced Increases in Progesterone and Cortisol in Naturally Cycling Women. Neurobiology of Stress, 3, 96-104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Wise, L.A., Palmer, J.R., Stewart, E.A., et al. (2005) Age-Specific Incidence Rates for Self-Reported Uterine Leiomyomata in the Black Womenʼs Health Study. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 105, 563-568. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[21] Shen, Y., Xu, Q., Xu, J., et al. (2013) Environmental Exposure and Risk of Uterine Leiomyoma: An Epidemiologic Survey. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 17, 3249-3256.
[22] Fung, T.T., Schulze, M.B., Hu, F.B., et al. (2012) A Dietary Pattern Derived to Correlate with Estrogens and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 132, 1157-1162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Masala, G., Assedi, M., Bendinelli, B., et al. (2012) Fruit and Vegetables Consumption and Breast Cancer Risk: The EPIC Italy Study. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 132, 1127-1136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Chiaffarino, F., Parazzini, F., La Vecchia, C., Chatenoud, L., Di Cintio, E. and Marsico, S. (1999) Diet and Uterine Myomas. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 94, 395-398.
[25] Michnovicz, J.J. and Bradlow, H.L. (1990) Dietary and Pharmacological Control of Estradiol Metabolism in Humans. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 595, 291-299.
[26] Wise, L.A., Radin, R.G., Palmer, J.R., et al. (2011) Intake of Fruit, Vegetables, and Carotenoids in Relation to Risk of Uterine Leiomyomata. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 94, 1620-1631. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Gao, M. and Wang, H. (2018) Frequent Milk and Soybean Consumption Are High Risks for Uterine Leiomyoma—A Prospective Cohort Study. Medicine, 97, e12009. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[28] Orta, O.R., Terry, K.L., Missmer, S.A., et al. (2020) Dairy and Related Nutrient Intake and Risk of Uterine Leiomyoma: A Prospective Cohort Study. Human Reproduction, 35, 453-463. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Peiris, A.N., Bailey, B.A., Peiris, P., et al. (2011) Race and Vitamin D Status and Monitoring in Male Veterans. Journal of the National Medical Association, 103, 492-497. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[30] Rostand, S.G. (2010) Vitamin D, Blood Pressure, and African Americans: Toward a Unifying Hypothesis. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 5, 1697-1703. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[31] Brakta, S., Diamond, J.S., Al-Hendy, A., et al. (2015) Role of Vitamin D in Uterine Fibroid Biology. Fertility and Sterility, 104, 698-706. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] Baker, A.R., Mcdonnell, D.P., Hughes, M., et al. (1988) Cloning and Expression of Full-Length CDNA Encoding Human Vitamin D Receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 85, 3294-3298. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Mcdonnell, D.P., Mangelsdorf, D.J., Pike, J.W., et al. (1987) Molecular Cloning of Complementary DNA Encoding the Avian Receptor for Vitamin D. Science, 235, 1214-1217. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Bläuer, M., Rovio, P.H., Ylikomi, T., et al. (2009) Vitamin D Inhibits Myometrial and Leiomyoma Cell Proliferation in Vitro. Fertility and Sterility, 91, 1919-1925. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Prentice, A. (2008) Vitamin D Deficiency: A Global Perspective. Nutrition Reviews, 66, S153-S164. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] Prentice, A., Schoenmakers, I., Jones, K.S., et al. (2009) Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Health Consequences in Africa. Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 7, 94-106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[37] Zhao, G., Ford, E.S., Tsai, J., et al. (2012) Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency and Inadequacy among Women of Childbearing Age in the United States. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012, Article ID: 691486. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Paffoni, A., Somigliana, E., Vigano’, P., et al. (2013) Vitamin D Status in Women with Uterine Leiomyomas. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 98, E1374-E1378. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[39] Templeman, C., Marshall, S.F., Clarke, C.A., et al. (2009) Risk Factors for Surgically Removed Fibroids in a Large Cohort of Teachers. Fertility and Sterility, 92, 1436-1446. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[40] Marshall, L.M., Spiegelman, D., Goldman, M.B., et al. (1998) A Prospective Study of Reproductive Factors and Oral Contraceptive Use in Relation to the Risk of Uterine Leiomyomata. Fertility and Sterility, 70, 432-439. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[41] Faerstein, E., Szklo, M. and Rosenshein, N. (2001) Risk Factors for Uterine Leiomyoma: A Practice-Based Case-Control Study. I. African-American Heritage, Reproductive History, Body Size, and Smoking. American Journal of Epidemiology, 153, 1-10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[42] Terry, K.L., De Vivo, I., Hankinson, S.E., et al. (2010) Reproductive Characteristics and Risk of Uterine Leiomyomata. Fertility and Sterility, 94, 2703-2707. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[43] Bernstein, L., Pike, M.C., Ross, R.K., et al. (1991) Age at Menarche and Estrogen Concentrations of Adult Women. Cancer Causes & Control, 2, 221-225. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[44] Apter, D., Bolton, N.J., Hammond, G.L. and Vihko, R. (1984) Serum Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin during Puberty in Girls and in Different Types of Adolescent Menstrual Cycles. Acta Endocrinologica, 107, 413-419. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[45] Apter, D. and Vihko, R. (1983) Early Menarche, a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer, Indicates Early Onset of Ovulatory Cycles. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 57, 82-86. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[46] Chen, C.R., Buck, G.M., Courey, N.G., et al. (2001) Risk Factors for Uterine Fibroids among Women Undergoing Tubal Sterilization. American Journal of Epidemiology, 153, 20-26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[47] Marino, J.L., Eskenazi, B., Warner, M., et al. (2004) Uterine Leiomyoma and Menstrual Cycle Characteristics in a Population-Based Cohort Study. Human Reproduction, 19, 2350-2355. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[48] Baird, D.D. and Dunson, D.B. (2003) Why Is Parity Protective for Uterine Fibroids? Epidemiology, 14, 247-250. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[49] Qin, J., Yang, T., Kong, F., et al. (2013) Oral Contraceptive Use and Uterine Leiomyoma Risk: A Meta-Analysis Based on Cohort and Case-Control Studies. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 288, 139-148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[50] Ikomi, A.A. and Singer, A. (1997) Protective Effect of Depot-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Surgically Treated Uterine Leiomyomas: A Multicentre Case-Control Study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 104, 385-386. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[51] Faerstein, E., Szklo, M., Rosenshein, N.B. (2001) Risk Factors for Uterine Leiomyoma: A Practice-Based Case-Control Study. II. Atherogenic Risk Factors and Potential Sources of Uterine Irritation. American Journal of Epidemiology, 153, 11-19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[52] Silver, M.A., Raghuvir, R., Fedirko, B., et al. (2005) Systemic Hypertension among Women with Uterine Leiomyomata: Potential Final Common Pathways of Target End-Organ Remodeling. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 7, 664-668. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[53] Takeda, T., Sakata, M., Isobe, A., et al. (2008) Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, 66, 14-17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[54] Boynton-Jarrett, R. (2005) A Prospective Study of Hypertension and Risk of Uterine Leiomyomata. American Journal of Epidemiology, 161, 628-638. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[55] Radin, R.G., Rosenberg, L., Palmer, J.R., et al. (2012) Hypertension and Risk of Uterine Leiomyomata in US Black Women. Human Reproduction, 27, 1504-1509. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[56] Chen, Y., Lin, M., Guo, P., et al. (2021) Uterine Fibroids Increase the Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of Hypertension, 39, 1002-1008. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[57] Radin, R.G., Palmer, J.R., Rosenberg, L., et al. (2010) Dietary Glycemic Index and Load in Relation to Risk of Uterine Leiomyomata in the Black Women’s Health Study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91, 1281-1288. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[58] D’Aloisio, A.A., Baird, D.D., Deroo, L.A., et al. (2010) Association of Intrauterine and Early-Life Exposures with Diagnosis of Uterine Leiomyomata by 35 Years of Age in the Sister Study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118, 375-381. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[59] Yang, C.H., Lee, J.N., Hsu, S.C., et al. (2002) Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Uterine Fibroids in Postmenopausal Women—A 3-Year Study. Maturitas, 43, 35-39. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[60] Chang, I.J., Hong, G.Y., Oh, Y.L., et al. (2013) Effects of Menopausal Hormone Therapy on Uterine Myoma in Menopausal Women. Journal of Menopausal Medicine, 19, 123-129. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[61] Palomba, S., Sena, T., Noia, R., et al. (2001) Transdermal Hormone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women with Uterine Leiomyomas. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 98, 1053-1058. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[62] Palomba, S., Orio, F., Russo, T., et al. (2005) Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects of Raloxifene on Uterine Leiomyomas in Postmenopausal Women. Fertility and Sterility, 84, 154-161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[63] Jirecek, S., Lee, A., Pavo, I., et al. (2004) Raloxifene Prevents the Growth of Uterine Leiomyomas in Premenopausal Women. Fertility and Sterility, 81, 132-136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[64] Palomba, S., Sammartino, A., Di Carlo, C., et al. (2001) Effects of Raloxifene Treatment on Uterine Leiomyomas in Postmenopausal Women. Fertility and Sterility, 76, 38-43. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[65] Bilge, Şener, A., Seçkin, N.C., Özmen, Ş., et al. (1996) The Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Uterine Fibroids in Postmenopausal Women. Fertility and Sterility, 65, 354-357. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[66] Polatti, F., Viazzo, F., Colleoni, R., et al. (2000) Uterine Myoma in Postmenopause: A Comparison between Two Therapeutic Schedules of HRT. Maturitas, 37, 27-32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[67] Palomba, S., Sena, T., Morelli, M., et al. (2002) Effect of Different Doses of Progestin on Uterine Leiomyomas in Postmenopausal Women. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 102, 199-201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef