中西医治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的研究进展

Research Progress in the Treatment of Hyperthyroidism with Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

摘要: 甲状腺功能亢进症指甲状腺腺体不适当地持续合成和分泌过多甲状腺激素而引起的内分泌疾病，简称甲亢。其病程复杂缠绵，易反复发作。现代临床上，主要通过使用抗甲状腺药物、施行放射性¹³¹I疗法和进行外科手术等手段来减轻甲亢的症状。这些方法能够在某种程度上缓解患者的不适，然而，从长期效果来看，服用抗甲状腺药物可能会导致治疗周期过长，并可能引起一些病人出现肝脏损伤、骨髓受抑或药物过敏反应。接受放射性¹³¹I的患者很有可能会经历甲状腺功能减退的后果，而外科手术则有概率造成喉返神经损伤以及手术疤痕等副作用，这些都会对患者产生负面影响。中医治疗的手段主要采用中药内服、中药外敷等治疗方法，取得了较好的临床效果。本篇文章综合梳理了近期关于使用西医、中医和中西医结合疗法治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的研究论文，并得到以下结论：中西医结合的治疗方法可以明显优化临床效果，具体体现在缩减疗程时间、减少西药用药量与副作用、降低病情复发率以及提升患者的依从性等方面，故此该方法应被大规模用于治疗甲状腺功能亢进，旨在为临床治疗提供建议和借鉴。

Abstract: Hyperthyroidism refers to the endocrine disease caused by the improper synthesis and secretion of excessive thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland, referred to as hyperthyroidism. The course of the disease is complex, easy to relapse, seriously affecting People’s Daily life and physical and mental health. Contemporary therapeutic approaches for hyperthyroidism primarily encompass pharmacotherapy with anti-thyroid medications, radioiodine therapy using iodine-¹³¹, and operative interventions. Although clinical symptoms can be improved to a certain extent, the course of anti-thyroid drug treatment is long. Some patients will have liver function damage and bone marrow suppression after taking the drug, and some patients are allergic to the drug. Patients treated with radioactive iodine I¹³¹ have a significant chance of developing hypothyroidism, while surgery may result in issues like damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and scarring that could impact the patient’s physical appearance. Traditional Chinese medical practices primarily employ the ingestion and topical application of herbal remedies, along with various other therapeutic techniques, resulting in significant clinical success. This article organizes recent findings on the efficacy of Western medicine, traditional Chinese medical methods, and a synthesis of both approaches to manage hyperthyroidism. From the evidence gathered, it is clear that an integrative approach using both Chinese and western medicinal techniques enhances clinical outcomes by diminishing the length of therapy, lowering the quantity of western medication required along with its adverse reactions, decreasing the likelihood of relapse, and bolstering patient adherence. These benefits affirm that the combined use of these medicinal practices is of considerable value in treating hyperthyroidism and should be broadly adopted to offer reliable guidance for clinical therapies.