合肥市农田灌溉水有效利用系数分析与节水增效措施

Study on Effective Utilization Coefficient of Farmland Irrigation Water and Measures for Saving Water and Increasing Efficiency in Hefei

摘要: 为综合评价农业灌溉水有效利用率，合肥市选取3个大型样点灌区、15个中型样点灌区、22个小型灌区作为样点灌区。采用直接量测数据结合实地调研确定作物的净灌溉定额，根据作物实际灌溉面积计算灌区的净灌溉用水总量；通过水量实测、油电折算等推算灌区的毛灌溉用水总量，采用首尾测算分析法计算样点灌区的农田灌溉水有效利用系数。采用算数平均法推算全市小型灌区农田灌溉水有效利用系数，通过大、中型样点灌区农田灌溉水有效利用系数和毛灌溉用水量的加权平均推算全市大、中型灌区农田灌溉水有效利用系数。由全市大、中、小型灌区农田灌溉水有效利用系数与毛灌溉用水量加权平均推算合肥市农田灌溉水有效利用系数。结果表明：农田灌溉水有效利用系数的逐步提高，主要得益于灌区工程配套日益完善与管理维护水平逐渐提升，为合肥市灌区建设提供借鉴。

Abstract: To comprehensively evaluate the effective utilization rate of agricultural irrigation water, Hefei City has selected 3 large-scale sample irrigation areas, 15 medium-sized sample irrigation areas, and 22 small-scale irrigation areas as sample irrigation areas. The net irrigation quota of crops was determined through direct measurement data combined with field research, and then the total net irrigation water was calculated based on the actual irrigation area of crops. The total amount of gross irrigation water was calculated by measuring water volume or converting oil and electricity in the irrigation area. The effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water was calculated through head-tail calculation analysis method in the sample irrigation area. The effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in small-scale irrigation areas was calculated throughout the city using the arithmetic mean, and which were calculated in large-scale and medium-sized irrigation areas through the weighted average of the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water and gross irrigation water consumption in large-scale and medium-sized irrigation areas throughout the city. Calculate the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water in Hefei City based on the weighted average of the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water in the large, medium, and small irrigation areas of the city and the gross irrigation water consumption. The results show that the gradual improvement of the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in farmland is mainly due to the increasingly perfect supporting facilities of irrigation projects and the increasing level of management and maintenance, providing reference for the construction of irrigation areas in Hefei City.