重症肌无力免疫治疗研究进展

Advances in Immunotherapy for Myasthenia Gravis

摘要: 重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis, MG)是一种由自身抗体介导，T、B淋巴细胞共同参与的损伤神经–肌肉接头，导致骨骼肌波动性无力和易疲劳的自身免疫性疾病。MG传统治疗方法主要依赖乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂、皮质类固醇和免疫抑制剂，这些治疗策略虽然对大多数MG患者有效，但不能防止疾病复发或迁延，长期使用可能带来严重的不良反应。近年来，靶向免疫疗法的出现为MG治疗带来了革命性的变化，这些治疗方法专门针对MG免疫病理生理过程中的关键效应细胞和致病因子，展现出提高治疗效果、降低副作用的巨大前景，现就MG免疫治疗相关药物的研究进展进行阐述。

Abstract: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies, with the participation of T and B lymphocytes, which damages the neuromuscular junction and leads to fluctuating weakness and fatigue of skeletal muscles. The traditional treatment methods for MG mainly rely on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants. Although these treatment strategies are effective for most MG patients, they cannot prevent disease recurrence or prolongation, and long-term use may cause serious adverse reactions. In recent years, the emergence of targeted immunotherapy has brought revolutionary changes to the treatment of MG. These treatment methods specifically target key effector cells and pathogenic factors in the immunopathophysiological process of MG, showing great prospects for improving treatment effects and reducing side effects. Here is an elaboration on the research progress of immunotherapy-related drugs for MG.