包含不同类型残疾人群的混合人群疏散实验与模拟研究

Experimental and Simulation Study of Mixed Crowd Evacuation Including Different Types of Disabled Groups

摘要: 为了满足残疾人群的安全疏散需求，开展了包含不同残疾类型的混合人群疏散实验和仿真模拟分析。实验数据分析得到，疏散时间最短的是肢体残疾人，疏散时间最长的分别是听力残疾人和视力残疾人。在实验基础上，利用Pathfinder软件建立了混合人群疏散的仿真模型，仿真模拟结果与实验结果几乎保持一致，验证了所建立模型的合理性和有效性。结果表明：通往疏散楼梯的出口位置和宽度很大程度上影响疏散时间和人员拥堵情况。通过增加疏散速度最慢的视力残疾人数量来提高残疾人与常人的比例，疏散时间会随之增加。

Abstract: In order to meet the safety evacuation needs of the disabled population, evacuation experiments and simulation analyses containing different disability types were conducted. The analysis of the experimental data shows that the shortest evacuation time is for physically disabled people, and the longest evacuation time is for hearing disabled people and visually disabled people. On the basis of the experiment, the simulation model of mixed crowd evacuation was established by using Pathfinder software, and the simulation results were almost consistent with the experimental results, which verified the reasonableness and effectiveness of the established model. The results show that the location and width of the exit to the evacuation staircase greatly affect the evacuation time and crowd congestion. Increasing the ratio of disabled to normal people by enhancing the number of visually impaired people with the slowest evacuation speed will expand the evacuation time.