我国个人数据出境法律规制的优化进路研究

Research on the Optimization Approach of the Legal Regulation of China’s Personal Data Export

摘要: 构建统一和完备的个人数据出境法律规制体系对于维护我国国家安全和数字安全、深入参与国际数字贸易合作具有举足轻重的意义。我国在立法层面初步形成了个人数据出境监管规则框架，但规范体系分散，具体监管规则细化程度较低，导致司法实践偏离立法旨意。本文基于比较法的视域，借鉴欧盟及美国成熟的规制模式经验，对现有个人数据出境监管路径提供优化建议。我国应推动构建统一的个人数据出境规则体系，细化和健全具体监管规则，设立专门数据监管机构，并加强企业合规性指导，为数字经济有序发展提供坚实的制度支撑。

Abstract: Building a unified and comprehensive legal regulatory system for the cross-border transfer of personal data is of paramount importance in safeguarding our national security, digital security, and deepening participation in international digital trade cooperation. While China has preliminarily established a framework for regulating the cross-border transfer of personal data at the legislative level, the regulatory system remains decentralized, with low levels of specificity in the detailed regulatory rules, leading to deviations from legislative intent in judicial practice. This paper, from the perspective of comparative law, draws on the mature regulatory models of the European Union and the United States to provide optimization suggestions for the existing regulatory pathways for the cross-border transfer of personal data. China should promote the establishment of a unified system of rules governing the cross-border transfer of personal data, refine and strengthen specific regulatory rules, establish specialized data regulatory agencies, and enhance guidance on corporate compliance, thereby providing solid institutional support for the orderly development of the digital economy.