管–土相对刚度对高填方钢波纹管涵承载特性的影响分析

Analysis of the Impact of Pipe-Soil Relative Stiffness on the Bearing Characteristics of High-Fill Corrugated Steel Pipe Culverts

摘要: 在中国西部地区，广泛分布着黄土丘陵、深沟和山间河谷。在道路建设中，高填路基是应对这些地形的主要方式之一。为了满足排水和通行的需求，在高填路基中需要设置涵洞。钢波纹管被广泛应用于横向排水结构，因其具备优秀的变形协调性能，尤其适用于深厚填土体。本研究针对高填路基条件下钢波纹管涵的承载特性进行了数值计算分析，着重考虑了管涵刚度的变化。本文建立了高填方钢波纹管涵的有限元模型，研究了不同填土高度及管涵刚度对土拱效应的影响。并设置了管涵刚度分别为原刚度的0.1倍、0.5倍、5倍和10倍，研究了不同管–土相对刚度条件下，管涵的竖向变形、涵顶土体沉降以及刚柔性状况。结果显示：1) 随填土高度的增加，管顶变形由向上变形转为线性下沉；2) 原刚度下填土高度较小时呈现正土拱效应，随填土高度的增加转变为负土拱效应；3) 变刚度下刚度较低的管涵更易出现正土拱，刚度较高的管涵更易形成负土拱。研究认为，合理选择管涵刚度，在一定填土高度下可以形成有利的正土拱效应，减小管涵承受的土体荷载，提高使用寿命。后续研究将考虑其他影响因素对土拱效应的作用机理，为工程设计提供参考。

Abstract: In the western regions of China, there is extensive distribution of loess hills, deep gullies, and mountain valleys. In road construction, high embankments serve as one of the primary solutions to these terrains. To meet the drainage and passage requirements, culverts need to be installed at appropriate locations within these high embankments. Corrugated steel pipes are widely utilized as lateral drainage structures due to their excellent deformation coordination, especially suitable for deep and thick fill soils. This research conducts numerical computational analysis on the load-bearing characteristics of corrugated steel pipes under high embankment conditions, with a specific focus on variations in the pipe’s stiffness. The study establishes finite element models for high embankment corrugated steel pipes, investigating the influence of different fill heights and pipe stiffness on the arching effect. It examines pipe stiffness set at 0.1 times, 0.5 times, 5 times, and 10 times of the original stiffness, studying vertical deformation, topsoil settlement, and the rigid-flexible conditions under different relative stiffness between the pipe and soil. The findings reveal: 1) With increasing fill height, the deformation at the pipe’s top changes from upward deformation to linear sinking. 2) At lower fill heights, a positive arching effect is observed, which transitions into a negative arching effect as fill height increases. 3) Pipes with lower stiffness are prone to positive arching, while those with higher stiffness tend to form negative arching. The research concludes that judicious selection of pipe stiffness can create a favorable positive arching effect at certain fill heights, reducing the soil load on the pipe and enhancing its longevity. Future studies will consider other influencing factors on the arching effect mechanism, providing further insights for engineering design.