汉语词汇地理学的一般程序——以“冰雹”的研究为例

The General Procedures of the Chinese Word Geography——A Case Study of Chinese Bingbao “Hail”

摘要: 方言地理学在中国长期没有得到重视，而全国性的汉语方言地图集也迟至2008年才首次出版。本文以《汉语方言地图集》(LACD)词汇卷007图(冰雹)的研究为例，具体阐述进行汉语词汇地理学研究的一般程序(描写性地图的绘制；解释性地图的绘制；解释性地图的进一步解释)，并归纳出4种主要的研究方法(历史比较法；文献考证法；空间分析法；外部解释法)。本文对“冰雹”的个案研究在程序和方法上都具有典型性，可作为开展基于LACD的汉语词汇地理学研究的样例。

Abstract: In China, for many years people didn’t attach importance to Dialect Geography. Only until the year 2008, was the first national Chinese dialect atlas published. This paper takes the Chinese word bingbao “hail” as an example, which is extracted from Map 007, in the vocabulary volume of Linguistic Atlas of Chi-nese Dialects (LACD), to expound the general procedures of the study on Chinese Word Geography. The procedures are the following: first, drawing a descriptive map; second, drawing interpretive maps; last, fur-ther explanations on the interpretive maps. Besides the procedures, the author also sums up four main re-search methods: historical comparative method; classic literature research method; space analysis method and external interpretation method. Because of its typicalness both in procedures and methods on the case study of the Chinese word bingbao “hail”, this paper can be used as a good example for the further studies of Chi-nese Word Geography based on LACD.