数字普惠金融对城乡收入差距的影响及机制分析——基于2011~2021中国省际面板数据的实证分析

The Impact and Mechanism Analysis of Digital Inclusive Finance on the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas—Empirical Analysis Based on Inter Provincial Panel Data in China from 2011 to 2021

摘要: 改革开放以来，经过长期探索和实践，我国脱贫攻坚战取得全面胜利，与之衔接的是乡村振兴战略方针，亟需缩小城乡收入差距，伴随着“数字 金融”的新型数字金融出现，随之改变的是城乡收入差距，本文基于2011~2021年中国省际的330个均衡面板数据展开实证研究，探究数字普惠金融发展对于城乡收入差距的具体影响机制。研究发现：第一，数字普惠金融扩大了城乡收入差距；第二，数字普惠金融体系的不同维度对城乡收入差距的影响存在显著差异，其中，数字金融的使用深度与普惠金融数字化程度对于城乡收入差距产生显著的正向影响，而数字金融覆盖广度对于城乡收入差距影响并不显著；第三，依据地区划分，数字普惠金融对于城乡收入差距的影响不同，即在东部和中部地区，数字普惠金融发展对城乡收入差距有显著正向影响，而在西部地区，数字普惠金融发展对城乡收入差距影响并不显著。本文认为，政府应尽快完善落后地区数字技术的基础建设，发挥数字普惠金融的普惠和便民作用，缩小城乡区域收入差距，减弱“马太效应”，为迈进实现中国式现代化做好充足准备。

Abstract: Since the reform and opening up, after long-term exploration and practice, China’s fight against poverty has won a comprehensive victory, which is linked to the strategic policy of rural revitalization and the urgent need to narrow the urban-rural income gap. With the emergence of the new digital finance of “digital finance”, the urban-rural income gap has changed. This paper conducts empirical research based on 330 balanced panel data between provinces in China from 2011 to 2021, and explores the specific impact mechanism of the development of digital inclusive finance on the urban-rural income gap. Research has found that: firstly, digital inclusive finance has widened the income gap between urban and rural areas; secondly, there are significant differences in the impact of different dimensions of the digital inclusive finance system on the urban-rural income gap. Among them, the depth of use of digital finance and the degree of digitalization of inclusive finance have a significant positive impact on the urban-rural income gap, while the breadth of digital finance coverage has no significant impact on the urban-rural income gap; thirdly, according to regional divisions, the impact of digital inclusive finance on urban-rural income inequality varies. That is, in the eastern and central regions, the development of digital inclusive finance has a significant positive impact on urban-rural income inequality, while in the western regions, the impact of digital inclusive finance on urban-rural income inequality is not significant. This paper argues that the government should improve the infrastructure of digital technology in backward areas as soon as possible, play the role of digital inclusive finance in the benefits and convenience of the people, narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, reduce the “Matthew effect”, and make adequate preparations for moving forward to achieve Chinese path to modernization.