120例大疱性类天疱疮住院患者感染危险因素分析

Analysis of Infection Risk Factors in 120 Inpatients with Bullous Pemphigoid

摘要: 目的：通过收集大疱性类天疱疮住院患者的临床资料，探讨大疱性类天疱疮继发感染的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析青岛大学附属医院皮肤科住院部2017年8月至2023年1月确诊的120例大疱性类天疱疮患者，收集患者的一般资料、合并疾病、治疗方案、实验室检查及感染情况等，采用SPSS 26.0进行相关统计学分析，分析感染率与各临床因素之间的关系。结果：120例大疱性类天疱疮患者中男性60例，女性60例，平均年龄69.4岁，平均住院时间16.5天。发生继发感染的患者56例(46.7%)。感染部位最常见的是皮肤，共42例，其次为肺部。阳性病原菌最常见的是金黄色葡萄球菌，共49例，其次是真菌、大肠埃希菌。患者感染率与年龄、住院时间、应用米诺环素、合并心血管系统将疾病、合并消化系统疾病、嗜酸性粒细胞计数、血清白蛋白密切相关，P值均小于0.05。结论：大疱性类天疱疮患者较易合并感染，高龄、住院时间长、未应用米诺环素、合并心血管系统、消化系统疾病、嗜酸性粒细胞计数较高、血清白蛋白降低是大疱性类天疱疮患者发生感染的危险因素。

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for secondary infection in bullous pemphigoid by collecting clinical data of inpatients with bullous pemphigoid. Methods: We retrospectively studied the medical records of 120 patients from 2017 to 2023 at the dermatology department, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The characteristics, comorbidity, treatment plans laboratory tests and infectious complications have been collected. The clinical characteristics of the infected group and the non-infected group were compared. SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis to discuss the relationship between infection rate and clinical factors. Result: Among the 120 patients, 60 cases were male and 60 cases were female, with an average age of 69.4 years and an average length of hospital stay of 16.5 days. Secondary infection occurred in 56 cases, and the rate of infection was 46.7%. The most common infection site was the skin, followed by the lung. The mostcommon pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus, followed by fungi, Escherichia coli. The infection rate was closely correlated with age, the length of hospital stay, minocycline, cardiovascular disease, digestive disease, eosinophilic and serum albumin, with P values less than 0.05. Conclusion: Patients with bullous pemphigoidare more prone to co-infection. Advanced age, long hospital stay, no use of minocycline, cardiovascular system and digestive system diseases, high eosinophilic count, and low serum albumin are risk factors for infection in patients with bullous pemphigoid.