数字人民币时代反洗钱法律体系的构建与完善

Construction and Improvement of Anti-Money Laundering Legal System in Digital RMB Era

摘要: 反洗钱是商业银行合规经营的法定义务，是遏制经济犯罪、维护金融安全的必要手段。相比较传统的纸币媒介，目前数字人民币反洗钱法律法规尚未健全，又因为其具有的加密性、强匿名性等技术特征，为犯罪分子进行洗钱等违法犯罪行为提供了便利，给我国传统反洗钱监管工作带来极大的难度。本文结合数字人民币发行模式和投放机制现状，对数字人民币法律规制现状及其困境进行梳理，并从法律规制层面，尝试提出健全法律法规、固定身份资料及交易记录证据、明确监管原则、优化可疑交易监测模型建设等对策和建议，以加强利用数字人民币洗钱的风险防控相关应对策略，以期对推进数字人民币这一新型货币运营有所裨益。

Abstract: Anti-money laundering is the legal obligation of commercial banks to operate in compliance, and it is a necessary means to curb economic crimes and maintain financial security. Compared with the traditional paper currency media, the current anti-money laundering laws and regulations of digital RMB are not yet perfect, and because of its technical characteristics such as encryption and strong anonymity, it provides convenience for criminals to carry out money laundering and other illegal and criminal acts, which brings great difficulty to China’s traditional anti-money laundering supervision. Based on the current situation of digital RMB issuance mode and delivery mechanism, this paper sorts out the current situation and dilemma of digital RMB legal regulation. From the perspective of legal regulation, this paper tries to put forward countermeasures and suggestions such as improving laws and regulations, fixing identity information and transaction record evidence, clarifying supervision principles, optimizing suspicious transaction monitoring model construction, etc. to strengthen the risk prevention and control strategies related to the use of digital RMB money laundering, and to promote the operation of digital RMB as a new currency.