搭建土壤与接续发展：我国中小学、高校心理健康教育面临的挑战与对策

Building Soil and Successive Development: Challenges and Countermeasures for Mental Health Education in China’s Primary and Secondary Schools and Universities

摘要: 心理健康教育是素质教育的重要内容，本文对近年来大学、中小学心理健康教育的主要文献进行了研究整理，发现中小学心理健康教育相比高校心理健康教育可能面临着更加严峻的环境。中小学心理健康教育面临基础设施不完善、心育工作理念有待加强、区域发展不平衡等的问题，尚且没有形成心理健康教育适合发展的土壤，还需要加强政策的保障与监督力度、注重形成各方心育合力、提高家长和学生的心育认识等。我国高校心理健康教育则面临不够适应时代需求、相关工作人员缺乏心理学知识、大学生心理健康意识不足等的问题，有待进一步的发展，需要积极建构网络心理健康教育模式、织密心理辅导工作网络以及提高大学生心理素养。

Abstract: Mental health education is an important content of quality education, and this article reviews the main literature on mental health education in universities and primary and secondary schools in recent years. It finds that mental health education in primary and secondary school may face a more serious environment than university mental health education. Primary and secondary school mental health education faces issues such as incomplete infrastructure, inadequate concepts of heart care work, and regional imbalances in development, and has not yet developed a suitable soil for mental health education. It requires enhancing policy protection and supervision efforts, forming a collaborative effort between all parties involved in heart care work, and improving the awareness of parents and students about mental health education. University mental health education, on the other hand, may not fully meet the needs of the times, relevant workers may lack knowledge of psychology, and the awareness of mental health among university students may be insufficient. It needs further development, including the construction of online models for mental health education, the weaving of psychological counseling networks, and the improvement of psychological literacy among university students.