生成式人工智能的作品认定及权利归属研究——以Chat GPT为例

Research on Work Identification and Right Ownership of Generative Artificial Intelligence—Taking Chat GPT as an Example

摘要: Chat GPT的爆火再次引发了关于新一代人工智能技术的讨论热潮，对于以Chat GPT为代表的生成式人工智能生成内容是否构成作品，以及其权利归属在学界存在广泛争议。本文在明晰生成式人工智能运行原理的基础上，从《著作权法》规定的构成要件论证了其生成内容能够构成作品。同时在权利归属上，否认人工智能具备著作权法定主体资格，指出将著作权赋予投资者的不合理之处，并以实质贡献为标准来确定将著作权归属于使用者还是设计者，以实现著作权法激励创新的立法目的。

Abstract: The skyrocketing popularity of Chat GPT has once again sparked a debate about the next generation of artificial intelligence technology. There is widespread controversy in academia over whether the generated content produced by Chat GPT, as a representative of generative artificial intelligence, constitutes a work and the ownership rights involved. This article, based on a clear understanding of the operating principles of generative artificial intelligence, argues that the generated content can indeed constitute a work, as stipulated by copyright law. In terms of right ownership, it denies that artificial intelligence qualifies as a legal subject under copyright law, pointing out the unreasonable nature of assigning copyright to investors. Instead, it suggests using the standard of substantial contribution to determine whether the copyright should belong to the user or the designer, in order to achieve the legislative goal of incentivizing innovation under copyright law.