COVID-19免疫学研究现状分析
Analysis of the Current Status of COVID-19 Immunology Studies
DOI: 10.12677/jcpm.2024.32073, PDF,   
作者: 王邦惠：青海大学附属医院，青海 西宁
关键词: COVID-19；免疫学；血清学；COVID-19； Immunology； Serology
摘要: 新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)是由SARS-CoV-2引起的一种疾病，能够导致人类轻度至重度感染，严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型感染具有广泛的临床表现，从无症状到有症状，包括呼吸道症状、发烧、呼吸急促、咳嗽、呼吸困难和病毒性肺炎，在严重病例中，还包括肺炎、严重急性呼吸系统综合征、心力衰竭、肾衰竭，甚至死亡。然而，与新冠肺炎相关的主要死亡原因是呼吸衰竭，其次是感染性休克、肾衰竭、出血和心力衰竭。为了遏制这一流行病，使用快速技术进行正确诊断起着至关重要的作用。近年来，COVID-19血清学及免疫学变化的研究受到了广泛关注。
Abstract: COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, can cause mild to severe infection in humans, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection with a wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic to symptomatic, including respiratory symptoms, fever, shortness of breath, cough, dyspnea and viral pneumonia, in severe cases, including pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, heart failure, kidney failure, and even death. However, the leading cause of death associated with COVID-19 was respiratory failure, followed by septic shock, renal failure, bleeding, and heart failure. To contain this epidemic, correct diagnosis using rapid techniques plays a vital role. Recently, the serological and immunological changes of COVID-19 have received much attention.
文章引用：王邦惠. COVID-19免疫学研究现状分析[J]. 临床个性化医学, 2024, 3(2): 499-505. https://doi.org/10.12677/jcpm.2024.32073

参考文献

[1] Anka, A.U., Tahir, M.I., Abubakar, S.D., et al. (2021) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): An Overview of the Immunopathology, Serological Diagnosis and Management. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 93, e12998. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Ong, D., Fragkou, P.C., Schweitzer, V.A., Chemaly, R.F., Moschopoulos, C.D. and Skevaki, C. (2021) How to Interpret and Use COVID-19 Serology and Immunology Tests. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 27, 981-986. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Rai, P., Kumar, B.K., Deekshit, V.K., et al. (2021) Detection Technologies and Recent Developments in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 Infection. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 105, 441-455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] Keyt, B.A., Baliga, R., Sinclair, A.M., et al. (2020) Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Use of IgM Antibodies. Antibodies, 9, Article 53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Shi, A.C. and Ren, P. (2021) SARS-CoV-2 Serology Testing: Progress and Challenges. Journal of Immunological Methods, 494, Article 113060. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6] Wu, F., Zhao, S., Yu, B., et al. (2020) A New Coronavirus Associated with Human Respiratory Disease in China. Nature, 579, 265-269. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Du, Y., Tu, L., Zhu, P., et al. (2020) Clinical Features of 85 Fatal Cases of COVID-19 from Wuhan. A Retrospective Observational Study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 201, 1372-1379. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[8] Cao, X. (2020) COVID-19: Immunopathology and Its Implications for Therapy. Nature Reviews Immunology, 20, 269-270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Qin, C., Zhou, L., Hu, Z., et al. (2020) Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients with Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71, 762-768. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., et al. (2020) Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 323, 1061-1069. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Lindsley, A.W., Schwartz, J.T. and Rothenberg, M.E. (2020) Eosinophil Responses during COVID-19 Infections and Coronavirus Vaccination. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 146, 1-7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Tabachnikova, A. and Chen, S.T. (2020) Roles for Eosinophils and Basophils in COVID-19? Nature Reviews Immunology, 20, Article 461. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] Merad, M. and Martin, J.C. (2020) Author Correction: Pathological Inflammation in Patients with COVID-19: A Key Role for Monocytes and Macrophages. Nature Reviews Immunology, 20, Article 448. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Ramachandran, P., Dobie, R., Wilson-Kanamori, J.R., et al. (2019) Resolving the Fibrotic Niche of Human Liver Cirrhosis at Single-Cell Level. Nature, 75, 512-518. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Winkler, F. and Bengsch, B. (2019) Use of Mass Cytometry to Profile Human T Cell Exhaustion. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, Article 3039. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] Chiappelli, F., Khakshooy, A. and Greenberg, G. (2020) COVID-19 Immunopathology and Immunotherapy. Biomedical informatics, 16, 219-222. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[17] Mclane, L.M., Abdel-Hakeem, M.S. and Wherry, E.J. (2019) CD8 T Cell Exhaustion during Chronic Viral Infection and Cancer. Annual Review of Immunology, 37, 457-495. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Ioannidis, J.P., Fanelli, D., Dunne, D.D., et al. (2015) Meta-Research: Evaluation and Improvement of Research Methods and Practices. PLOS BIOLOGY, 13, e1002264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Chiappelli, F., Balenton, N. and Khakshooy, A. (2018) Future Innovations in Viral Immune Surveillance: A Novel Place for Bioinformation and Artificial Intelligence in the Administration of Health Care. Biomedical Informatics, 14, 201-205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Kasakovski, D., Xu, L. and Li, Y. (2018) T Cell Senescence and CAR-T Cell Exhaustion in Hematological Malignancies. Journal of Hematology & Oncology, 11, Article No. 91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., et al. (2020) Clinical Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395, 497-506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[22] Tan, M., Liu, Y., Zhou, R., et al. (2020) Immunopathological Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases in Guangzhou, China. Immunology, 160, 261-268. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Diao, B., Wang, C., Tan, Y., et al. (2020) Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Frontiers in Immunology, 11, Article 827. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Wan, S., Xiang, Y., Fang, W., et al. (2020) Clinical Features and Treatment of COVID-19 Patients in Northeast Chongqing. Journal of Medical Virology, 92, 797-806. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Kamphuis, E., Junt, T., Waibler, Z., et al. (2006) Type I Interferons Directly Regulate Lymphocyte Recirculation and Cause Transient Blood Lymphopenia. Blood, 108, 3253-3261. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Shiow, L.R., Rosen, D.B., Brdicková, N., et al. (2006) CD69 Acts Downstream of Interferon-Alpha/Beta to Inhibit S1P1 and Lymphocyte Egress from Lymphoid Organs. Nature, 440, 540-544. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Haveri, A., Smura, T., Kuivanen, S., et al. (2020) Serological and Molecular Findings during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The First Case Study in Finland, January to February 2020. Eurosurveillance, 25, Article 2000266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[28] Lou, B., Li, T.D., Zheng, S.F., et al. (2020) Serology Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Exposure and Post-Symptom Onset. The European Respiratory Journal, 56, Article 2000763. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Wu, Y.C., Chen, C.S. and Chan, Y.J. (2020) The Outbreak of COVID-19: An overview. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, 83, 217-220. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[30] Thevarajan, I., Nguyen, T., Koutsakos, M., et al. (2020) Breadth of Concomitant Immune Responses Prior to Patient Recovery: A Case Report of Non-Severe COVID-19. Nature Medicine, 26, 453-455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] Guo, C., Li, B., Ma, H., et al. (2020) Single-Cell Analysis of Two Severe COVID-19 Patients Reveals a Monocyte-Associated and Tocilizumab-Responding Cytokine Storm. Nature Communications, 11, Article No. 3924. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] Ju, B., Zhang, Q., Ge, J., et al. (2020) Human Neutralizing Antibodies Elicited by SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Nature, 584, 115-119. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Tay, M.Z., Poh, C.M., Rénia, L., et al. (2020) The Trinity of COVID-19: Immunity, Inflammation and Intervention. Nature Reviews Immunology, 20, 363-374. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]