催收非法债务罪之罪量要素研究

Research on the Quantity Elements of the Crime of Illegal Debt Collection

摘要: 催收非法债务罪作为《刑法修正案十一》新增的罪名备受关注。其采用列举式立法，确立了三类不法催债的行为。这三类不法催债行为既有“暴力、胁迫”等常见的客观构成要件行为，也有“跟踪、骚扰”等新的客观构成要件行为，并且此罪的犯罪行为需要达到“情节严重”方可入罪。“情节严重”体现了综合性的判断，但同时也会存在着标准模糊，适用不一的情况。因此确定不法行为的内涵和罪量要素是目前适用罪名所必需。笔者通过阐释以往“暴力、胁迫”等常见犯罪行为的通说观点作为背景资料，以及统计和分析催收非法债务罪一审判决书，明确实务中的适用困境和争议点。最后，以法益为导向，在法秩序统一背景下兼顾与相似罪名的区别来认定催收非法债务罪的不法行为内涵及其罪量要素，旨在准确适用催收非法债务罪，实现其立法目的以及规制催收非法债务的行为。

Abstract: The crime of illegal debt collection is a new crime in the Amendment of Criminal Law. It adopts enumeration legislation to establish three types of illegal debt collection behavior. These three types of illegal debt collection behaviors are not only common objective constitutive behaviors such as “violence and coercion”, but also new objective constitutive behaviors such as “tracking and harassment”, and the criminal behavior of this crime needs to reach the “serious circumstances” before it can be convicted. “Serious circumstances” reflect the comprehensive judgment, but at the same time, there will also be vague standards and different applications. Therefore, It is necessary to determine the meaning and quantity elements of a criminal act in order to apply the appropriate charges. By explaining the general views of common criminal acts such as “violence and coercion” as the background data, and the statistics and analysis of the first instance judgment of the crime of collecting illegal debt, the author clarified the applicable dilemma and controversial points in practice. Finally, with a focus on the principle of legality, it is important to distinguish and determine the meaning and quantity elements of illegal debt collection offenses in a unified legal framework, while considering the differences with similar charges. This approach aims to accurately apply the offense of illegal debt collection, achieve its legislative purposes, and regulate the behavior of illegal debt collection.