数据权益视角下体育赛事直播的版权归属认定

Determination of Copyright Attribution of Live Streaming of Sports Events under the Perspective of Data Rights

摘要: 体育赛事传播已从现场化、有形化逐渐转变为同时异地、实时传输的非交互式实况直播，其在便利观看的同时诱发了海量直播侵权案件。上述困境的制度原因在于传统著作权分析范围无法明确体育赛事直播版权的归属，基于体育赛事直播数据化的技术逻辑以及劳动赋权理论下保护劳动付出者利益诉求的现实需要，应将数据权益引入体育赛事直播版权归属的认定框架。数据权益视角下，体育赛事直播的版权归属认定需要围绕数据权益贡献度、支配度以及请求权基础配适度予以分析，同时结合具体应用场景，对体育赛事组织者、节目制作方、实况播放方等多元主体的版权归属进行类型化设计。

Abstract: The dissemination of sports events has evolved from localized, tangible events to non-interactive live broadcasts that are transmitted in real-time to different locations. While this transformation has facilitated viewership, it has also led to a surge in copyright infringement cases involving live broadcasts. The institutional dilemma stems from the inability of traditional copyright analysis to clearly determine the copyright attribution in live streaming of sports events. Given the technological logic of datafication in the live streaming of sports events and the real need to protect the interests of labor contributors under labor empowerment theory, it is necessary to incorporate data rights into the framework for determining copyright attribution of live streaming of sports events. From the perspective of data rights, determining the copyright attribution of live streaming of sports events should involve an analysis of the contribution, control, and request rights related to data rights, and, in conjunction with specific application scenarios, typify the copyright attribution among various stakeholders such as sports event organizers, production teams, and live broadcasters.