种植不同植物的人工湿地深度处理城镇污水厂尾水的研究

Research on the Depth Treatment of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent Using Artificial Wetlands Planted with Different Types of Plants

摘要: 为了探究人工湿地深度处理污水厂尾水的效能以及不同植物的选择对湿地系统运行效率的影响及原因，本文以湖北某城区污水厂二期尾水处理人工湿地为研究对象，对种植美人蕉、花叶芦竹、鸢尾、旱伞草四种湿地植物的不同单元进行测样，并对数据进行相关性分析。美人蕉、花叶芦竹、鸢尾、旱伞草对NH₄⁺-N的平均去除率分别为74.6%、67.8%、65.1%、64.9%，与植物量及N累积量相关性不显著；对TN的平均去除率分别为58.6%、60.5%、56.6%、57.4%，与地下N累积量显著正相关；对TP的平均去除率分别为77.2%、77.1%、72.6%、73.7%，与生物量和地下P累积量显著相关。经过垂直潜流人工湿地和平流人工湿地协同处理后，尾水的NH₄⁺-N、TN、TP指标均能达到(GB3838-2002) IV类水质标准，证明复合式人工湿地系统能有效地实现对氮磷等污染物的去除，为其他污水厂后续改造，提升出厂水质提供了经济又稳定的解决方法。

Abstract: In order to explore the efficiency of deep treatment of municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent using artificial wetlands and the impact and reasons of different plant choices on the operational efficiency of wetland systems, the study focuses on the secondary effluent treatment artificial wetland in a certain urban area of Hubei Province as the research object, and measures different units of wetland plants planted with four types of plants: banana, reed bamboo, iris, and dry umbrella grass, and conducts correlation analysis on the data. The average removal rates of NH₄⁺-N by banana, reed, iris, and upland grass were 74.6%, 67.8%, 65.1%, and 64.9%, respectively, and were not significantly correlated with plant biomass and N accumulation; the average removal rates of TN were 58.6%, 60.5%, 56.6%, and 57.4%, respectively, which were significantly positively correlated with the accumulation of underground nitrogen; the average removal rates of TP were 77.2%, 77.1%, 72.6%, and 73.7%, respectively, which were significantly correlated with biomass and underground P accumulation. After the collaborative treatment of vertical subsurface flow artificial wetlands and parallel flow artificial wetlands, the NH₄⁺-N, TN, and TP indicators of the effluent can all meet the class IV water quality standards (GB3838-2002), proving that the composite artificial wetland system can effectively remove pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus, providing an economic and stable solution for the subsequent renovation of other wastewater treatment plants and improving the effluent water quality.