过敏性哮喘与心血管代谢性危险因素的相关性研究

A Study on the Correlation between Allergic Asthma and Cardiovascular Metabolic Risk Factors

摘要: 目的：探讨过敏性哮喘(Allergic Asthma, AA)与心血管代谢性危险因素之间的相关性。方法：选取2021年1月至2023年12月就诊于新疆医科大学第二附属医院的202例支气管哮喘患者，根据吸入及食物过敏原特异性IgE (specific IgE, sIgE)检出情况，分为过敏性哮喘和非过敏性哮喘(Non Allergic Asthma, NAA)两组，过敏性哮喘根据过敏原种类不同分为单一致敏组和多重致敏组，收集患者年龄、性别、体质量指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)、血清尿酸(Uric Acid, UA)、总胆固醇(Total Cholesterol, TC)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride, TG)、低密度脂蛋白(Low-Density Lipoprotein, LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(High-Density Lipoprotein, HDL)、空腹血糖(Fasting Blood Glucose, FBG)、总IgE (Immunoglobulin E, IgE)、白细胞计数(White Blood Cell, WBC)、嗜酸性细胞数(Eosinophil, EOS)、嗜酸细胞百分率(Eosinophil, EOS%)、中性细胞数(Neutrophil, NEU)、中性细胞百分率(Neutrophil, NEU%)、C-反应蛋白等指标，并分析其与过敏性哮喘的相关性。结果：过敏性哮喘与非过敏性哮喘患者在年龄、EOS%、TG、总IgE水平差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)，过敏性哮喘组年龄、TG明显低于非过敏性哮喘组，过敏性哮喘组EOS%、总IgE明显高于非过敏性哮喘组。单一致敏组与多重致敏组患者的年龄、性别、BMI、UA、TC、TG、LDL、HDL、FBG、总IgE、WBC、EOS%、NEU、NEU%、EOS、C-反应蛋白水平相比较，差异不具有统计学意义(P > 0.05)。过敏性哮喘过敏原sIgE水平与年龄、TG、UA、总IgE之间存在相关性(P < 0.05)，且sIgE水平与年龄呈负相关(r < 0)，sIgE水平与TG、UA、总IgE呈正相关(r > 0)。结论：过敏性哮喘患者过敏原sIgE水平与年龄呈负相关性，与TG、UA、总IgE呈正相关性，在预防和治疗哮喘及哮喘合并心血管疾病过程中有一定的参考价值。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the relationship between allergic asthma and cardiovascular metabolic risk factors. Methods: A total of 202 patients with bronchial asthma admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected and divided into allergic asthma and non-allergic asthma groups according to the specific IgE(sIgE) detected by inhalation and food allergens. Allergic asthma is divided into single consistent sensitization group and multiple sensitization group according to different types of allergens. Age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), serum Uric Acid (UA), Total cholesterol (Total cholesterol) were collected Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and High Density lipoprotein (High density) Lipoprotein (HDL), Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), total Immunoglobulin E (IgE), White Blood Cell (WBC), Eosinophil (EOS), Eosinophil (EOS%), Neutrophil (NEU), Neutrophil (NEU%), C-reactive protein and other indicators, The correlation with allergic asthma was analyzed. Results: There were statistically significant differences in age, EOS%, TG and total IgE levels between allergic asthma and non-allergic asthma patients (P < 0.05). The age and TG levels in allergic asthma group were significantly lower than those in non-allergic asthma group, while EOS% and total IgE levels in allergic asthma group were significantly higher than those in non-allergic asthma group. There was no significant difference in age, sex, BMI, UA, TC, TG, LDL, HDL, FBG, total IgE, WBC, EOS%, NEU, NEU%, EOS and C-reactive protein levels between single consistent sensitization group and multiple sensitization group patients (P > 0.05). The level of sIgE was correlated with age, TG, UA and total IgE (P < 0.05), and the sIgE level was negatively correlated with age (r < 0). sIgE level was positively correlated with TG, UA and total IgE (r > 0). Conclusions: sIgE level in patients with allergic asthma is negatively correlated with age, but positively correlated with TG, UA and total IgE, which has certain reference value in the prevention and treatment of asthma and the process of asthma complicated with cardiovascular diseases.