农村家庭女儿参与养老与财产继承现状研究——以华北地区为例

Research on the Current Situation of Rural Family Daughters Participating in Pension and Property Inheritance—Taking North China as an Example

摘要: 我国的华北农村地区“养儿防老”的观念占有主导地位，儿子是养老责任的主体，拥有绝对的财产继承权。家庭转型和代际关系变迁下，原本双向平衡的父子间的“抚养–赡养”关系名实分离，代际关系发生了深刻变化，女儿也被逐步纳入到家庭养老的责任当中。受传统性别制度的束缚，女儿养老仍不被正式承认，女儿承担了赡养义务却未被赋予与儿子同等的财产继承权利，不平衡的代际支持影响着家庭养老的良性发展。面对当前农村老龄化的大趋势，让女儿能够在制度和文化上都能拥有参与家庭养老的合法性，对实现代际间的良性互动，缓解我国农村家庭养老的压力具有重大意义。文章从女儿养老这一现象出发，探究女儿参与养老与财产继承不平等的原因，提出完善女儿平等参与养老相关对策建议，以积极应对当前我国的人口老龄化问题。

Abstract: In the rural areas of North China, the concept of “preventing old age” for children in north China occupies a dominant position. The son is the subject of pension responsibility and has the absolute right of property inheritance. Under the change of family transformation and intergenerational relationship, the original two-way balance of “foster-support” relationship between father-son is separated, the intergenerational relationship has undergone profound changes, and daughters have been gradually included in the responsibility of family pension. Restricted by the traditional gender system, the daughter’s pension is still not officially recognized, and the daughter undertakes the obligation of support but is not given the same right of property inheritance as the son. The unbalanced intergenerational support affects the benign development of family pension. In the face of the current general trend of rural aging, it is of great significance for daughters to participate in family pension in both the system and culture, which is of great significance to realize the benign interaction between generations and relieve the pressure of rural family pension in China. Starting from the phenomenon of daughters “pension, the paper explores the causes of daughters” participation in pension and property inheritance, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve daughter’s equal participation in pension, so as to actively deal with the current problem of population aging in China.